Which country is called Krievia or Venemaa? Detailed answer

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Which country is called Krievia or Venemaa? Detailed answer

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Which country is called Krievia or Venemaa?

The name of Russia does not in all languages come from the root "ros-" or "rus-". For example, in Latvia it is called Krievia from the tribal union of the Krivichi, who neighbored the ancient Latvians in the east. Another ancient tribe - the Wends - gave the name to Russia in Estonian (Venemaa) and Finnish (Venyaja) languages. The Chinese call our country Elos and can shorten it to just E, and the Vietnamese read the same hieroglyph as Nga, and call Russia that way.

Authors: Jimmy Wales, Larry Sanger

Random interesting fact from the Great Encyclopedia:

How tall are pygmies?

Pygmies - the shortest people on Earth - live in the equatorial forests of Africa. The growth of an adult male reaches only 125-145 centimeters. Pygmies live in isolation and leave the forest only when it is necessary to exchange the meat of wild animals for bananas, cassava or millet. In search of food, they often move from place to place, but never go beyond their forest patch. Pygmies live in huts made of palm leaves. Until recently, they did not know how to make fire.

Pygmies live by hunting and gathering, and, owning only primitive weapons, they successfully hunt the largest animals, even elephants. Sometimes pygmies use poisoned arrows with curare poison, but most often they attack sleeping animals. Elephant hunters are highly respected. Only the most respected men are honored to taste the meat from the trunk. Pieces of meat are given to neighboring tribes as a sign of friendship and respect.

Women and children collect fruits, edible plants. All prey - both meat and plants - is divided equally among the families of the community.

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Scientists from the UK and the Netherlands have come up with a new way to get nanomaterials from graphene: mix oxidized graphene and bacteria. Their method is economical, less time consuming and also environmentally friendly compared to the chemical production of the material. The method could lead to the creation of innovative computer technology and medical equipment, according to the website of the University of Rochester.

To create new and more efficient computers, medical devices and other advanced technologies, researchers are turning to nanomaterials - materials controlled at the scale of atoms or molecules that have unique properties. One such revolutionary compound is graphene, a two-dimensional form of carbon. This thin carbon flake has extraordinary mechanical strength and flexibility and is able to easily conduct electricity. However, we cannot yet actively fold graphene in everyday life: it is very difficult to produce it on a large scale. And not only from an economic point of view: graphene obtained in large quantities is denser and loses its unique properties.

Graphene is mined from graphite, the material used in regular pencils. At exactly one atom thick, graphene is the thinnest yet strongest two-dimensional material known to science. In 2010, scientists from the University of Manchester received the Nobel Prize in Physics for groundbreaking experiments with graphene: they were able to make graphene by exfoliating graphite with a simple adhesive tape. However, their method produced a small amount of material.

To produce more graphene materials, a team of researchers led by Anne Meyer, an assistant professor of biology at the University of Rochester, started with a vial of graphite. They gradually flaked off the graphite to graphene oxide, which was then mixed with Shewanella bacteria. They left the vial of bacteria and graphene oxide overnight, during which the bacteria converted the material into graphene by removing the oxygen groups.

Graphene oxide itself is a poor conductor of electricity, but it is easy to produce. And bacteria-derived graphene is not only a good conductor, it's also much thinner and more stable than chemically-derived graphene. In addition, it can be stored much longer.

The graphene nanomaterial has many applications. It can be used to produce field effect transistor (FET) biosensors. FET biosensors are devices that detect biological molecules and can be used, for example, for real-time glucose monitoring in diabetic patients.

Bacteria-derived graphene material could also be the basis for conductive ink, which could in turn be used to make faster and more efficient computer keyboards, circuit boards, or small wires. According to Meyer, the use of conductive ink is "an easier and more cost-effective way to produce electrical circuits than traditional methods." Conductive ink can also be used to create electrical circuits over non-traditional materials such as fabric or paper.

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