What color noises are there besides white noise? Detailed answer

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What color noises are there besides white noise? Detailed answer

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What color noises are there besides white noise?

The concept of "white noise" is widely known - this is what they say about a signal with a uniform spectral density at all frequencies and a dispersion equal to infinity. An example of white noise is the sound of a waterfall. However, in addition to white, a large number of other colored noises are distinguished. Pink noise is a signal whose density is inversely proportional to frequency, and for red noise, the density is inversely proportional to the square of frequency - they are perceived by ear as "warmer" than white. There are also concepts of blue, purple, gray noise and many others.

Authors: Jimmy Wales, Larry Sanger

Random interesting fact from the Great Encyclopedia:

What is heat?

It was once believed that heat is a kind of fluid that passes from one body to another. This imaginary fluid was called "heat".

Today we know that heat is the constant movement of atoms and molecules in an object, for example, in air, atoms and molecules move randomly. As the speed of movement of these atoms and molecules increases, we say that the temperature of the air is high or that the air is hot. If their speed is low, for example on a cold day, we feel cold air.

Atoms and molecules in liquids and solids cannot move as freely as in air, but nevertheless such movement exists.

Even at the melting temperature of ice, the molecules continue to move. A hydrogen molecule at a given temperature moves at a speed of 1950 m/sec. In 16 cubic centimeters of air every second there are a thousand million million collisions between molecules.

Heat and temperature are not the same thing. The surface temperature of the small gas burner is the same as that of the large burner. It's just that a larger burner produces more heat as it burns more gas. Heat is a form of energy and when we measure heat we are measuring energy. Heat is measured in calories. A calorie is the amount of thermal energy required to raise the temperature of one gram of water by 1 °C. Body temperature measures the level of thermal energy that a given body has. Temperature is measured with a thermometer and is expressed in degrees.

When connecting two bodies and in the absence of heat transfer from one to another, we say that the bodies have the same temperature. But if one body lost part of its thermal energy (the molecules slowed down their movement), and the second body received the same part of the heat from it (its molecules accelerated their movement), we say that the heat has passed from a warmer body to a colder one and that the temperature of the first body was higher than that of the second.

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Random news from the Archive

Coolest star emitting radio waves found 25.07.2023

Astronomers from the University of Sydney have made an exciting discovery by detecting radio emission from an ultracold brown dwarf. This dwarf is a ball of gas that "boils" at a temperature of about 425 ° C without nuclear reactions. Usually such stars do not emit radio waves, so the reason for this phenomenon remains a mystery.

The star T8 Dwarf WISE J062309.94-045624.6 lies about 37 light-years from Earth. Its radius is from 0,65 to 0,95 of the radius of Jupiter, and the mass is 4-44 times the mass of the largest planet in the solar system (the exact value of the mass has not yet been determined). Even though this brown dwarf is not the coldest, astronomers have only observed radio emission from hotter stars so far.

Size comparison of various objects: Sun, low-mass star, brown dwarf, Jupiter, Earth. Brown dwarfs occupy an intermediate position between the smallest stars, where nuclear reactions of hydrogen take place, and large gas giants. Image: NASA/JPL

The emission of radio waves from stars is associated with the presence of strong magnetic fields. It is hypothesized that ultracold brown dwarfs do not have a fast enough rotational dynamic to generate strong magnetic fields that would be visible from Earth. However, about 10% of them still emit radio waves. Astrophysicists cannot yet explain the reason for this phenomenon.

One of the key hypotheses is that the fast rotation of ultracold brown dwarfs plays an important role in the formation of strong magnetic fields. When the magnetic field of such a star is intertwined with an atmosphere moving at a speed different from the ionized atmosphere, it can generate electrical currents. The emergence of electrons in the region of the star's magnetic pole, combined with its rotation, causes periodic flashes.

"Finding a brown dwarf that emits radio waves at such a low temperature is an important discovery," the authors of the study note. They believe that further observation of the properties of this star will help confirm the hypothesis or collect new data that explain the generation of a strong magnetic field in these cool stars.

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