Which animals contain natural sunscreen in their bodies? Detailed answer

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Which animals contain natural sunscreen in their bodies? Detailed answer

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Which animals contain natural sunscreen in their bodies?

Hippopotamuses are able to highlight two special skin pigments with pronounced red and orange colors. Pigments perform a dual function: they prevent the growth of pathogenic bacteria and protect from sunlight. In other words, hippos already have natural sunblock in their bodies. Sometimes this pigment manifested on the skin of an animal is called bloody sweat, although it has nothing to do with sweat or blood.

Authors: Jimmy Wales, Larry Sanger

Random interesting fact from the Great Encyclopedia:

What technical product is the most massive in the history of mankind?

To date, for every inhabitant of the Earth, approximately 10 billion silicon field-effect transistors have been produced, which are part of microcircuits. It is transistors that are the most massive technical product in the history of mankind, overtaking, for example, nails.

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Ultra-clean diamond wafers with up to 25 EB of data 07.05.2022

One of the types of diamond point defects makes it possible to use it as a quantum bit for organizing calculations or storing data.

This can be hindered by the imperfection of the technology for growing ultra-pure diamond disks, which has become a challenge for scientists. The Japanese accepted the challenge and were able to find an interesting solution to the problem.

If at any site of the diamond crystal lattice one of the carbon atoms is replaced (bonded) by a nitrogen atom, then such a violation of the diamond crystal structure will be called a nitrogen-substituted vacancy in diamond or an NV center. Such a point defect has quantum properties that can be easily controlled by light, magnetic fields, or other influences even at room temperature. In particular, the NV center can be used to record and store data.

A feature of diamond structures with NV centers is that there should not be too much nitrogen. Therefore, for the practical use of diamond data carriers, it is necessary either to produce very large disks with admissible nitrogen impurities (so to speak, “smear” nitrogen over a large area), or to grow the purest diamonds with a strictly controlled amount of impurities, which is technically much more difficult.

Until now, ultrapure diamonds have barely exceeded 4 mm2 in area, which is extremely small. However, Japanese researchers at Saga University and Japan's Adamant Namiki Precision Jewelery have managed to develop a technology to grow ultra-pure diamond wafers with a diameter of 2 inches (5 cm). Theoretically, each such disc can store up to 25 EB of data, which is equivalent to recording a billion 25 GB Blu-Ray discs on one diamond medium.

The secret of success lies in the special structure of the substrate on which the diamond disc was grown. This is usually a flat, flat surface. During the growth process and in its early stages, ultra-pure diamond on such a surface often broke under its own weight. To prevent cracking, the scientists proposed a stepped substrate surface that would distribute the weight of the growing diamond more evenly. The new substrate made it possible to grow a very, very pure diamond with a diameter of 5 cm and a purity of 3^10-9. But the scientists did not rest on this and now they plan to grow a diamond twice as large in diameter.

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