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To what family, a century apart, did the mistresses of the Princes of Wales belong? Detailed answer

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To what family, a century apart, did the mistresses of the Princes of Wales belong?

The English king Edward VII, the son of Queen Victoria, bore the title of Prince of Wales until the age of 59. During his lifetime, he had many mistresses, the last of which was Anna Keppel. Her great-granddaughter and granddaughter of Sony's second daughter, Camilla Parker-Bowles, was also the mistress of the current Prince of Wales, Charles, for a long time, but eventually managed to marry him. Sonya is considered the daughter of Anna Keppel's official husband, but it is possible that Camilla is a direct descendant of Edward VII.

Authors: Jimmy Wales, Larry Sanger

 Random interesting fact from the Great Encyclopedia:

Where did the first schools originate?

A school is a place where several people, usually children, come together to acquire certain knowledge and skills. You can note two distinctive features of the school: this is a certain place where several people study at once.

The Greek and Roman schools were the forerunners of all modern schools and colleges. But even in Greece many centuries ago there were times when one student was brought to one professional teacher. There were no schools or classes then.

Later, Greek speakers and philosophers, to whom students came and who had to travel a lot in order to give people knowledge, began to create some kind of school. The great Greek philosopher Plato was the first teacher to organize education in what he called "the academy". The term of study there was 3-4 years.

Ancient schools were usually located on the grounds where the military trained or held parades. These places were called gymnasiums. Later, Aristotle created his own school and called it a lyceum. Another thing is also interesting: in Germany, schools began to be called gymnasiums, in France - lyceums, and the Scottish name of the school is an academy! All three names have survived from the time of Plato and Aristotle.

Neither of these two schools looked like a modern educational institution. Rather, they were places for discussion, and only occasionally lectures or classes were given to students.

Around the year 250, the ancient Greeks realized that students should be taught grammar, so special grammar schools gradually appeared.

Still later, the Romans adopted their system of education from the Greeks. Roman schools were more similar to modern ones. Believe it or not, students went to Roman schools with the same reluctance that we sometimes go to modern ones. The students had to get up early, memorize complex rules, a foreign language and, in addition, behave appropriately. The disobedient and lazy were flogged with rods!

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Brain implant translates thoughts into words 14.11.2023

Scientists from Duke University have developed an innovative brain implant that can translate thoughts into words and enable communication based on brain activity. This device is aimed at helping people who suffer from language disorders or who are unable to communicate verbally for various reasons. The first experiments showed the promise of this area of ​​research.

Experiments to convert brain activity into text and voice communication, carried out by scanning patients' brain signals, now make it possible to transmit "thoughts" into words at speeds of up to 78 words per minute. This is comparable to listening to an audiobook at half the speed, according to the study authors. Typically, a person speaks up to 160 words per minute, which makes communication lively and natural. However, for people with speech disorders, more accurate sensors of brain activity are needed.

A team of scientists from Duke University, in collaboration with the university's biomedical engineering laboratory, created a brain activity sensor with 256 sensors on a piece of plastic the size of a postage stamp. This new sensor is capable of recording signals from individual neurons with high accuracy.

Scientists did not plan to read minds directly. However, by using complex signals from the muscles of the tongue apparatus, such as the tongue, larynx and facial muscles, they were able to accurately determine the unspoken opinions of patients (the tongue apparatus is controlled by up to 100 muscles, the signals from which must be monitored). In this way, a phrase spoken mentally could be transmitted into muscle signals, and from this data read from the brain, the computer could reproduce whatever the patient intended to say. For patients with a speech disorder, thoughts could remain in the cerebral cortex, but thanks to the sensor they were able to be spoken by a computer.

An experiment with four patients showed that the average accuracy of recognizing thoughts into words was 40%, and the maximum was 84%. The recognition algorithm was learned using the “listen and repeat” method. The patient uttered short, awkward combinations of letters, in which the algorithm learned to recognize brain activity in various combinations of sounds.

Despite the relatively low percentage of sound recognition, the team of scientists says the experiment was successful. The algorithm learned for only 90 seconds during a 15-minute test. Exactly this amount of time was allocated to the experimenters with each patient. This happened during planned brain surgeries on patients. At the end of the operation, the neurosurgeons gave the scientists 15 minutes to work with the patients on their program. Without access to the open brain, on a specific part of the cortex of which the sensor was installed, this study would have been impossible to conduct.

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