What is the largest desert on earth? Detailed answer

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What is the largest desert on earth? Detailed answer

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What is the largest desert on Earth?

This is the North African Sahara Desert, covering an area of 9065000 km², which is not much less than the area of the whole of Europe. Deep below its surface lie not only rich mineral deposits, but also groundwater storage facilities.

Author: Mendeleev V.A.

Random interesting fact from the Great Encyclopedia:

Why is ocean water salty?

From time to time we are faced with some questions related to our Earth, which seem to us mysterious and for which no answers have yet been found. For example, the presence of salt in the water of the oceans. How did she get there?

Yes, we just do not know how the salt got into the ocean! Of course, we know that salt dissolves in water and that it enters the oceans with rainwater. Salt from the surface of the Earth is constantly dissolved and ends up in the ocean.

But we don't know if we can explain the huge amount of salt in the oceans. If all the oceans were dried up, the remaining salt could be used to build a wall 230 km high and almost 2 km thick. Such a wall could circle the entire globe along the equator. Or another comparison. The salt of all the dried up oceans is 15 times the volume of the entire European continent!

The common salt that we use every day comes from sea water, salt springs or from the mining of rock salt deposits. Sea water contains 3-3,5% salt. Inland seas, such as the Mediterranean Sea, the Red Sea, contain more salt than the open seas. The Dead Sea, occupying only 728 sq. km., contains approximately 10 tons of salt.

On average, a liter of sea water contains about 30 g of salt. Deposits of rock salt in various parts of the earth were formed many millions of years ago as a result of the evaporation of sea water. For the formation of rock salt, it is necessary for nine-tenths of the volume of sea water to evaporate. It is believed that inland seas were located on the site of modern deposits of this salt. They evaporated faster than the new sea water came in - that's where the deposits of rock salt appeared.

The main amount of edible salt is extracted from rock salt. Usually mines are laid to salt deposits. Clean water is pumped through the pipes, which dissolves the salt. Through the second pipe, this solution rises to the surface.

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Pluto emits X-rays 16.07.2017

Pluto turned out to be a powerful source of X-rays. X-ray radiation was previously recorded when observing other celestial bodies - for example, Venus and Mars. This is usually explained by the presence of noble gases or nitrogen in their atmosphere. In addition, X-ray sensors worked when observing comets.

The data obtained allow scientists to assert that there is an atmosphere on Pluto, and it is subject to periodic seasonal fluctuations in density and composition. When Pluto gets as close as possible to the Sun, solid nitrogen and methane from its surface turn into a gaseous state and make the atmosphere denser.

The last time Pluto passed its perihelion (the point in its orbit closest to the Sun) was in 1989. In 2015, during the "visit" of New Horizons, it was still summer on Pluto (a year there lasts 248 Earth years), and the summer atmosphere consisted mainly of nitrogen, methane and carbon dioxide.

Since there are neutral gases in the atmosphere, it means that the ions of the solar wind must collide with the molecules of these gases in the atmosphere. On other celestial bodies, their interaction generates X-rays, so scientists decided to look at Pluto through the eyes of the Chandra X-ray telescope and find out if Pluto emits X-rays. It turned out to radiate - and how; the telescope recorded more powerful radiation than predicted by all mathematical models.

Either there are always a lot of grains of solid matter in the atmosphere of Pluto and the sunlight reaching them excites the atoms of this matter and causes them to emit X-ray quanta, or the density of the solar wind matter in the region of Pluto is higher than calculated. Perhaps some hitherto unknown phenomenon is focusing the solar wind on Pluto - hence the high density of particles and X-rays, astronomers say. There is no exact answer to the question about the source of strong X-ray radiation on Pluto yet.

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