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BIG ENCYCLOPEDIA FOR CHILDREN AND ADULTS
What color is your brain? Detailed answer
Directory / Big encyclopedia. Questions for quiz and self-education Did you know? What color is your brain? As long as you are alive, it is pink. The color comes from the blood vessels. Without fresh, oxygenated blood (as is the case when the brain is removed from the skull), the human brain becomes gray. To confuse you even more, the living brain is about 40% of the so-called "gray matter" and 60% of the "white matter". Both of these terms are not an accurate description of the color that we see, but cut into thin strips, white and gray matter in cross section represent two completely different types of brain tissue. Using brain scans, we are just beginning to understand what function each of them performs. The gray matter contains those cells where the actual "processing" of information takes place. At the same time, approximately 94% of all oxygen that is used by our brain is consumed. White matter is a fatty protein (so-called myelin) that plays the role of an insulating sheath for dendrites and axons protruding from brain cells. In other words, it is the communication network of the brain that connects the various parts of the gray matter, as well as the gray matter itself, with the rest of the body. A very suitable analogy is the computer familiar to all of us, where the gray matter is the processor, and the white matter is the electrical wiring. And what we call intelligence requires both to work together, and at high speed. Well here, and now the most interesting. Not so long ago, a funny experiment was conducted at the universities of California and New Mexico: scientists scanned the brains of a group of men and women with exactly the same intelligence quotient (IQ). The result was truly amazing: it turns out that men have six and a half times more gray matter in their brains than women; but women have almost ten times more white matter. Moreover, the female white matter is mainly concentrated in the frontal lobes, while in men it was not there at all. And this is a very significant fact: after all, according to scientists, it is the frontal lobes that play a key role in managing emotions, shaping personality-defining character traits and prudence. Thus, it turns out that all these intricate theories about gender differences from the series "men are from Mars, women are from Venus" may well acquire a psychological background. It is very likely that male and female brains are indeed wired and configured differently. The output (intelligence) is the same, but how it is achieved differs quite a lot. Author: John Lloyd, John Mitchinson
When did humans start using salt? Different people need different amounts of salt. But still, now all people in the world use salt for food. How was it in ancient times? After all, people could not get salt, although it was nearby. They just got along without it! Salt was unknown in much of America and India until it was brought there by the Europeans. In parts of Africa, salt is still a luxury and only the rich can afford it. Salt is not particularly needed for people who eat mostly milk or meat. Especially if they eat raw meat or fried. They contain natural salts. But people who are on a vegetarian diet or eat boiled meat need more salt. Man began to eat salt every day since he stopped leading a nomadic life in search of food. At one fine time, he switched to settled life, began to engage in agriculture, and the consumption of salt became a habit for him. But salt has always been not only the powder that is poured into food. She has always been a symbol. For example, the phrase "Bread and salt" is used all over the world as a wish for good. In ancient times, when people worshiped the gods, salt was always included in the sacrifice and was sacred. To prevent food from spoiling, salt is also used. Therefore, it has become a symbol of durability, reliability. In biblical times, when people wanted to make a pact or agreement, they did so at a meal with salt as a symbol of assurance. Therefore, in the Bible there is an expression "salt contract". The more people got used to the daily use of salt, the more necessary it became. Salt became an important trade item. One of the oldest roads in Italy is called Via Salaria, which means "salt road", because salt was transported along it. In English, the word "salary" arose from the word "salt", because in the days of ancient Rome, officers and soldiers of the army received a cash subsidy for salt.
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