Who was the first to announce that the earth revolves around the sun? Detailed answer

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Who was the first to announce that the earth revolves around the sun? Detailed answer

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Who was the first to announce that the earth revolves around the sun?

Aristarchus of Samos, born in 310 BC. e. - 1800 years before Nicolaus Copernicus.

Aristarchus was not only the first to state that the Earth revolves around the fixed Sun, he also calculated the relative sizes and distances between the Earth, the Sun and the Moon and determined that the sky is not a sphere, but the Universe is of practically infinite dimensions. However, his ideas remained without attention.

During his lifetime, Aristarchus was known more as a mathematician than an astronomer. We know little about him personally, except that he studied at the Alexandrian Lyceum and was subsequently mentioned by the Roman architect Vitruvius as a man "informed in all branches of science." Aristarchus also invented the semicircular sundial.

Only one of his works has survived to this day - "On the Sizes and Distances of the Sun and Moon". Unfortunately, Aristarchus' theory of the solar center is not mentioned in it. And we know about all this from a single remark in the texts of Aristotle, where the conclusions of Aristarchus are mentioned only in order to disagree with them.

Of course, Copernicus knew about Aristarchus of Samos, it is not for nothing that he repays his debt in the epoch-making work for its time, On the Revolutions of the Heavenly Spheres. However, when the book was printed in 1514, all references to the far-sighted Greek were carefully erased from the text - probably the publisher was simply afraid that they might undermine the book's claims to originality.

Author: John Lloyd, John Mitchinson

Random interesting fact from the Great Encyclopedia:

How long ago did prosthetics appear?

Although prosthetics as an independent discipline took shape only in the XNUMXth century, references to it can be found even in ancient times.

The Greek historian Herodotus mentions a certain Hegesistratus (500 BC) who made himself a wooden prosthetic leg and served in the Persian army. The Roman historian Pliny reports on a general who lost his arm during the Second Punic War (218-201 BC) and who, with the help of a specially made iron hand, could hold a shield. The Nuremberg Museum has a metal prosthetic arm made in 1509. In 1552, Ambroise Pare made a prosthetic leg with a knee joint and a lock.

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Windmills warm the earth at night 24.05.2012

Scientists have discovered an unexpected effect of wind farms: at night they trap heat and warm the earth.

Observations made with the MODIS instruments of NASA's Aqua and Terra satellites have shown that large wind farms in some areas of the United States affect the temperature of the Earth's surface. In particular, in the vicinity of a large wind farm in western Texas, the researchers found an average nighttime warming of 0,72 degrees Celsius. After analyzing the observational data for 10 years, scientists came to the conclusion that it was the windmills that caused a small but noticeable increase in temperature.

This effect is most likely caused by turbulence: the blades of windmills trap warm air and direct it towards the ground. Thus, the soil is slightly warmer near the wind power plants, and this is especially noticeable at night.

So far, the research is local. The temperature of the land surface depends on changes in air temperature, type of vegetation cover and terrain. In some regions, the temperature of the earth's surface varies greatly depending on the time of day, while the air temperature fluctuates in a much smaller range.

In Texas, surface temperatures typically drop faster than air temperatures after sunset. But windmills create eddies of thermal air rising from the surface and increase the temperature near the wind farm. The researchers expected to see the opposite effect during the day - a slight cooling. However, MODIS data show that even during the day wind turbines create a small local warming.

The new data has value for climate modeling and for agriculture. Warming of even 1-2 degrees can favorably affect the growth of crops.

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