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BIG ENCYCLOPEDIA FOR CHILDREN AND ADULTS
Who invented the steam engine? Detailed answer
Directory / Big encyclopedia. Questions for quiz and self-education Did you know? Who invented the steam engine? a) James Watt. The prize goes to Heron (sometimes also called Heron of Alexandria) - moreover, 1600 years before Newcomen's machine of 1711. Heron lived in Alexandria around 62 CE. e. and is better known as a mathematician and geometer. He was also a great inventor and inventor, and it was his aeropile, or "wind balloon", that became the first working steam engine. Using the same principle as a modern jet engine, a steam-driven metal ball was spun up to 1500 rpm. Unfortunately (for Heron), no one saw the practical use of the invention, and therefore it was considered nothing more than an amusing quirk. Surprisingly (oh, Heron would have known about this!), But the railroad was invented 700 years earlier by the Corinthian tyrant Periander. Called Diolkos (that is, "boathouse" or "stockway"), it stretched for 6 km, perpendicularly crossing the Isthmus of Corinth (or Isthmus), and was a road paved with porous limestone slabs. In the middle of the road were two tracks, hollowed out at a distance of 1,5 m from each other. Wheeled carts moved along these ruts, onto which boats were loaded. They were pushed by brigades of slaves, and all this together formed a kind of "earth channel", which was the shortest route between the Aegean and Ionian seas. Diolkos existed for almost 1500 years, until it finally fell into disrepair and fell into disrepair in 900. After that, the principle of the railway track was completely forgotten for about 500 years: only in the XIV century someone guessed to use it for trolleys in coal mines. Renowned historian Arnold Toynbee wrote a wonderful essay discussing how history could have turned out if two inventions had come together to give the world a global Greek empire based on a rapid rail network, Athenian democracy, and a Buddhist-type religion built on the teachings of Pythagoras. In passing, he even refers to a failed prophet who lived at Nazareth, Railroad Cut, 4. Heron also invented a vending machine - for five drachmas the machine dispensed a portion of holy water - and a portable device that ensures that no one else can sip the wine that you bring to a party from the category of those where everyone comes "with their own drink." Author: John Lloyd, John Mitchinson
When was surgery first used? With modern hospitals and surgeons capable of performing any operation on the body, we believe that surgery is a modern phenomenon. In fact, surgery has been practiced since ancient times. Ancient people around the world used flint tools as surgical tools. One of the most dangerous and difficult operations performed on the skull has been performed with flint tools since ancient times. And it was in prehistoric times. Flint tools were also used for opening abscesses and bloodletting. Other "tools" for this purpose were the teeth of fish and even the sharp thorns of plants. The cataract was removed from the eye with spikes. The need for tools began to grow, and amputation saws appeared instead of flint tools. This is absolutely accurate, because many of the mummies found show the results of such operations. When people learned to make tools from bronze and iron, scissors, iron needles and other complex tools were invented. With these improved tools, people performed more difficult operations. There are records that prove that most of the operations carried out today, including complex ones, were carried out in ancient times. Among the relics of Pompeii are very complex surgical instruments. Operations were performed for thousands of years without anesthesia, which brought a person to an unconscious state. There was also a lack of knowledge on how to avoid infection. Operations began to be carried out when nothing was known about the causes of diseases. But they must have been generally successful, otherwise they would not have continued. Two discoveries made modern surgery possible: the advent of anesthesia and means of preventing infection.
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