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How many wives did Henry VIII have? Detailed answer
Directory / Big encyclopedia. Questions for quiz and self-education Did you know? How many wives did Henry VIII have? We think there are two. Or four if you're Catholic. It is generally believed that the English King Henry VIII (1491-1547) had six wives. It was Henry VIII who broke off relations with the Pope, resulting in the Anglican Church. Shortly after accession to the throne, on June 11, 1509, Henry VIII married Catherine of Aragon (daughter of King Ferdinand II of Aragon and Castile), the widow of his brother. Around 1527, Henry decided to free himself from his wife. There were two main motives: a passion for the court lady Anne Boleyn and fears about the succession to the throne, which at that moment depended on the only surviving child - the future Queen Mary I. In the opinion of Henry himself, the problem was formulated much more simply: he sincerely convinced himself that, having entered married to his brother's widow, violated the divine law. Anne Boleyn, who managed to give birth to a child (the future Queen Elizabeth I) in 1533, was executed on May 19, 1536 on charges of adultery. And already on May 30, Henry VIII married Jane Seymour, who, however, died of childbed fever on October 24, 1537, giving birth to the much-desired male heir (the future King Edward VI). In January 1540, due to political considerations, Heinrich married Anna of Cleves, whom Heinrich divorced very soon. In August 1540, the King married Catherine Howard and executed her for adultery in 1542. Finally, in 1543, Henry VIII married the widow Catherine Parr. Henry's fourth marriage to Anna of Kyiv was annulled. And this is not at all the same as divorce. Legally, this term means that marriage as such never really existed. There were two reasons for the annulment of the marriage. Firstly, Anna and Heinrich never consummated their union, in other words, the couple never entered into a sexual relationship. Refusal or inability to consummate a marriage is still considered a legal basis for its annulment. In addition, when Anna married Henry, she was already engaged to Francis, Duke of Lorraine. And in those days, engagement was a legal barrier to marrying someone else. Henry's second marriage, to Anne Boleyn, was declared illegal by the Pope, as the king was still married to his first wife, Catherine of Aragon. In response, Henry, as the head of the newborn Anglican Church, declared that it was his first marriage that was invalid - on the simple basis that it was a sin for a man to sleep with his brother's widow. Whether the pope liked it or not, the king was referring to the Old Testament, which he sincerely believed to be the "Law of God." Depending on who is closer to you - the pope or the king - there are four or three marriages left. Heinrich annulled his marriage to Anne Boleyn shortly before executing the poor girl for adultery. Which, in general, is somewhat illogical: if the marriage did not exist, Anna seems to be nothing to blame. He did the same with his fifth wife, Catherine Howard. Everything indicates that she was not faithful to Henry, either before or during her marriage. This time, Henry even issued a special decree, according to which adultery on the part of the queen is nothing but treason. And once again achieved the annulment of the marriage. Thus, we are dealing with four annulled and two undeniably legal marriages. With the exception of Heinrich's last wife, Catherine Parr (who outlived her husband), Anna of Klevskaya got off the lightest. After the annulment of their marriage, Henry showered Anna with gifts and even awarded the title of "beloved sister". Subsequently, Anna often visited the court, exchanging cooks, recipes and all kinds of household utensils with a man who had never been her husband. Author: John Lloyd, John Mitchinson
How long has a person been growing vegetables? Vegetables are herbaceous plants, meaning they have a soft stem and little or no wood. The edible part of a plant can be the root (beetroot), stem (asparagus), leaves (spinach), flower bud (broccoli), fruit (tomatoes), or seeds (peas). Primitive man may have collected wild leguminous plants such as beans or peas and root vegetables such as carrots. These vegetables, as well as leafy plants such as cabbage and lettuce, were probably grown in the first primitive vegetable gardens, although we do not know when such vegetable gardens began to be cultivated. The ancient Egyptians grew lettuce, cabbage, melon, beans, radishes, onions, garlic, artichokes, and possibly peas. So, we see that thousands of years ago people ate a variety of vegetables. Later, the Greeks and Romans also began to grow such vegetables. In addition, they grew cucumbers, asparagus, and celery. When the explorers arrived in America, they found vegetables there that were completely unknown in Europe. Even the familiar bean in the New World looked different. The settlers found fibrous beans, potatoes, corn and tomatoes there. Many of these types of vegetables became familiar only towards the end of the XNUMXth century. In the XNUMXth century there was a revolution in all areas of agriculture. Farmers increased their yields by improving farming practices and by using methods to select seeds from the best plants for the next planting. Thus, vegetables are bigger, better tasting and more nutritious than before.
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