How do scientists determine the depth of the ocean? Detailed answer

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How do scientists determine the depth of the ocean? Detailed answer

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How do scientists determine the depth of the ocean?

Determining the depth of the ocean is called "hearing depth" or "sound pickup". In the old days, for this, a load was tied to one end of the rope. Knots were tied on a rope at a distance of a fathom (1,83 m). The rope with the load was lowered into the water, it went to the depth under the weight of the load and the number of knots was counted. After that, the depth was calculated.

Today, an echo sounder is used to determine the depth of the ocean. The device on board the ship sends a sound signal at a speed of about 1,5 kilometers per second and captures the response reflected from the bottom. The deeper the water, the longer it takes for the ship to receive an echo. In modern echo sounders, high-frequency sound is emitted from the ship. The echo sound is recorded by a black dot on special paper. The instruments are arranged in such a way that the depth can be immediately determined in fathoms.

Echo sounders are used not only to determine the depth of the seas, but also to study the ocean floor, its profile, depressions and elevations under the bottom of the ship. Sounds are sent so often that the response signals are placed close to each other. And from one signal to another, the depth changes very slightly. If the ship passes over a sea mountain, the echo sounder accurately determines the shape of the mountain. If the bottom is flat, the device also detects this. The echo sounder does not pass even elevations of several meters high.

Author: Likum A.

Random interesting fact from the Great Encyclopedia:

Are other planets moving?

The earth moves around the sun along a fixed path called an orbit. The time it takes the Earth to complete this orbit is called a year. The earth also rotates on its axis. The time it takes to do this is called a day. The direction of the axis changes very slowly. This movement is called precession. Other planets also revolve around the Sun and around their axis, but their speed of rotation is different from that of the earth. The Earth revolves around the Sun at an average distance of 150 kilometers from it.

The Earth takes more than 365 days to complete its orbit. To complete a rotation around its axis, it needs a little less than 24 hours. Now let's look at other planets. The average distance of Mercury from the Sun is 58 kilometers, and it takes 000 Earth days to complete an orbit around the Sun. It is believed that Mercury rotates around its axis in 000-88 days.

Venus is located at a distance of 108 kilometers from the Sun. She needs 000 days to make one revolution around him. Venus takes 000 days to rotate on its axis, and it also rotates in a completely different direction. In other words, Venus is a planet rotating from East to West.

Mars, which is 228 kilometers away from the Sun, needs 000 days to complete its orbit, and it rotates around its own axis at about the same speed as the Earth.

Jupiter is 789 kilometers from the Sun, it takes 000 years to go around the Sun, but it rotates on its axis in less than 000 hours.

Saturn, at a distance of 1 kilometers from the Sun, takes 426 Earth years to complete its orbit. But it only takes 000 hours for it to turn on its axis.

Uranus is located 2 kilometers from the Sun and orbits it in 870 years.

Neptune is 4 kilometers away from the Sun. It needs 493 Earth years to complete its orbit.

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Random news from the Archive

To prevent headphone wires from getting tangled 14.02.2008

We all have to be annoyed when ropes, threads, wires or shoelaces are tied by themselves in knots that cannot be untangled.

Biophysicist Dorian Raymer from the University of San Diego (USA) decided to study this mysterious process experimentally. He loaded pieces of twine of various lengths into a cubic box with a side of 30 centimeters and began to rotate it on a centrifuge. Every 10 seconds of rotation, the box was opened and the knots formed were counted. A total of 120 node types were found.

The shortest piece of twine tied in a knot was 46 centimeters long. One and a half meter long strings formed knots in about half of the cases. The longer the segment, the more complex nodes appeared on it after rotation. The longer the box was rotated, the more knots appeared.

So, so that the wire from the headphones of the player or from the headset of the mobile phone does not get tangled in knots in the bag, choose headphones with a shorter wire and do not swing the bag on the go.

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