|
Arabic
Bengali
Chinese
English
French
German
Hebrew
Hindi
Italian
Japanese
Korean
Malay
Polish
Portuguese
Spanish
Turkish
Ukrainian
Vietnamese|
BIG ENCYCLOPEDIA FOR CHILDREN AND ADULTS
What was the uniqueness of the culture of ancient Greece? Detailed answer
Directory / Big encyclopedia. Questions for quiz and self-education Did you know? What was the uniqueness of the culture of ancient Greece? The first Greeks appeared on earth around 2000 BC. e. These were the Mycenaeans - descendants of the Indo-European conquerors. In 3200 B.C. e. It was migrants from the East who brought the secret of metal working to the Aegean world. The Cyclades were the first to enter the metal age, called the bronze age. During the excavations of dwellings and burials of the Cyclades, many different objects were found. It was a brilliant culture, which, however, did not have a written language. In the Bronze Age, with a small time gap from the Cyclades, the culture of Crete flourished, named after the legendary Minoan king Minos. The Minoans joined in a variety of technical innovations, learned how to produce stone products, seals, and gold jewelry. Large settlements appeared in the eastern part of the island. At Knossos, Mallia and Phaistos, the first palaces with complex layouts were erected, which testified to the vitality of the Minoan culture. Masters made sculptures from baked clay. The Minoans did not create large sculptures, but they were excellent at small objects. By the end of the Bronze Age (1600-1100 BC), Mycenaean culture had become one of the most developed in the Mediterranean. One of the reasons for its prosperity was trade. Mycenae was a well-organized society with a complex system of government, as recounted on clay tablets written in Linear script. The Mycenaeans had advanced technical knowledge that allowed them to build bridges, fortresses, domed tombs, as well as carry out irrigation and drainage work. In art and religion, the Mycenaeans at first imitated Crete, but then developed something unique to them, for example, strict and majestic architectural ensembles. The Mycenaeans were warlike, which affected the nature of their funeral property. In the XNUMXth century. BC e. The Athenian tyrant Pisistratus ordered the Iliad and Odyssey to be edited. Since then, the works of Homer have become a real textbook of life for little Athenians. Since the 700s BC e. under the influence of the East, a distinctive art called orientalizing begins to take shape. In the workshops of Corinth, the most powerful city of that era, new decorative motifs were invented and the technique of making black-figure tableware was mastered. Pottery from Eastern Greece depicted herds grazing peacefully against a background of rosettes. Orientalizing jewelry art, like ceramics, was distinguished by an abundance of decorations. At the same time, the first statues of large sizes appear, made, on the contrary, in a strict style. They got the name Daedalic in honor of Daedalus, a mythical sculptor and inventor, originally from Athens. The period of pan-Greek prosperity begins in the 480th century. BC e. Cities and their colonies are decorated with monuments. Some of them were ordered by tyrants. Sculptures were created only for temples and tombs and never served as decoration for homes. By XNUMX B.C. e. Greek art enters its classical period. The cult of Dionysus is associated with noisy choral singing in his honor - dithyrambs. In the XNUMXth century. BC e. the poet Festidas introduced a dialogue between the choir and the actor into the performance: thus the tragedy was born, which means “song of the goat” - the favorite animal of Dionysus. Tragedy brings the hero onto the stage at the most dramatic moment of his life. Tragedy competitions took place during the Great Dionysia - holidays in honor of Dionysus. These pieces were played only once and were not recorded. Of the more than 1000 tragedies composed in antiquity, only about 30 have come down to us. “Persians”, “Oresteia” are the creations of Aeschylus, who witnessed the Greco-Persian wars. Sophocles introduced innovations to the tragedy genre by assigning three actors to conduct dialogue with the chorus in Antigone and Edina. The work of Euripides influenced Corneille and Racine. The ancient Greeks did not have holidays, but they devoted two months of the year to holidays in honor of their many gods. Of particular importance were the celebrations dedicated to Athena, the divine patroness of the city of Athens. According to legend, the first Olympic Games took place in 776 BC. e. Legend claims that the treadmill was invented by Hercules, who wanted to thank his father Zeus. Every Greek could take part in the competition, but only on the condition that he was a citizen. Slaves and foreigners could attend the Games as spectators. In the XNUMXth century. BC e. sculptors learned to process stone well and accurately convey the outline of the human body in marble. By the end of the century, all proportions were already observed; the muscles were in their place. Then sculptors began to strive to convey movements. For this reason, sculptors turn to metal, which allows them to diversify the poses of statues to a greater extent. The creation of a bronze figure is preceded by several stages, starting with the production of a wax-coated clay model and ending with the casting of the statue in a mold, with the melting of the wax. The emergence of Greek philosophy is associated with the name of Thales, who lived in the XNUMXth century. BC e. It reached its peak in the XNUMXth century. BC e. From its first steps, Greek philosophy began to express the self-awareness of civilization, the key concept of which was the “polis”. Hippocrates, a native of Kos and a contemporary of Pericles, founded the first medical school. Health and disease were henceforth perceived as natural phenomena. Author: Irina Tkachenko
Do sea stars have eyes? The starfish is one of the most curious sea creatures. Among its unusual relatives are spiny sea urchins, sea cucumbers and sea cucumbers. There are about 6000 species of such relatives, which are called "echinoderms". The starfish and its relatives have well-developed nervous and digestive systems. These systems have the same five-link structure inherent in all echinoderms. Sea stars are sometimes classified into three groups. There are brittle stars that, when caught, shed their long, flexible appendages that can reach a length of 20-25 centimeters. There are also feather stars, whose wriggling rays look like tufts of feathers. And there are ordinary starfish, the size of which usually does not exceed 13 centimeters. The rough, tough skin of the starfish is covered with short needles. In the center of her body, above and below, are button-shaped discs. Through these disks, the stars draw in or release sea water. The lower discs act as the mouth. The eyes are at the tips of the rays and are protected by a ring of needles. On the ventral side, grooves with tubular suction legs diverge along the rays. They are used for locomotion and as organs of smell. The starfish is not able to move very quickly on its small tubular legs, but it is capable of something more remarkable. She can open an oyster! She presses her mouth against the oyster shell and pulls on it until it finally opens. The starfish then turns its stomach inside out, sticks it out of its mouth, and wraps it around the oyster. The starfish can take food into their mouths in quite the usual way. She is also capable of restoring broken beams. She can even grow a whole new body from a single beam!
▪ What musician once sang about forgetting the words to this song?
A New Way to Control and Manipulate Optical Signals
05.05.2024 Primium Seneca keyboard
05.05.2024 The world's tallest astronomical observatory opened
04.05.2024
▪ Record of the lowest artificially created temperature ▪ iiyama ProLite XU2490HS-B1 and XU2590HS-B1 monitors
▪ site section Voltage converters, rectifiers, inverters. Article selection ▪ article After a certain age, each person is responsible for his own face. Popular expression ▪ article Where is the birthplace of canaries? Detailed answer ▪ article Volcano Popocatepetl. Nature miracle ▪ article Hourly alarm in hours. Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering ▪ article Magic Lantern. physical experiment
Home page | Library | Articles | Website map | Site Reviews
www.diagram.com.ua |
Random interesting fact from the Great Encyclopedia:
See other articles Section 
Latest news of science and technology, new electronics:
All languages of this page