How does the brain communicate its commands to the body? Detailed answer

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How does the brain communicate its commands to the body? Detailed answer

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How does the brain communicate its commands to the body?

The brain can, in a matter of seconds, receive signals from various organs of the body, process them and send commands to these organs to perform one or another action. Different parts of the brain are responsible for different functions of the body. The medulla, the upper portion of the spinal cord, controls nerves associated with many muscles and endocrine glands. This is a very important center responsible for the contraction of the heart, which distills blood, the work of the lungs, which processes the air we breathe, and the work of the stomach, which digests our food.

The cerebellum controls body movement and coordination. The large hemispheres of the brain are responsible for thought processes, assimilation of the new, remembering the already known, awareness of phenomena, decision-making. It is also the center of sight, hearing, smell, taste and touch. There is also a zone of feelings.

Scientists still cannot answer many questions about how the brain works. But they found that the signals that go to and from the brain are weak electrical discharges. Nerves are made up of nerve cells. Each of them consists of a body and thread-like processes emerging from it. Signals go from cell to cell along these processes.

Billions of nerve cells form an extensive network in a person connected with the spinal cord. Nerve fibers meet on their way to the spinal cord and intertwine into bundles. A thick bundle of this kind leads through the spine to the brain. Some of these nerves transmit messages from the sense organs to the brain, while the other part transmits commands from the brain to the muscles and endocrine glands. The brain sorts the signals it receives and, having made the appropriate conclusions, sends the signals in the right direction.

Author: Likum A.

Random interesting fact from the Great Encyclopedia:

Is all rice white?

Nearly half of the world's population lives entirely or partially on a rice diet. In some Asian countries, each person eats from 90 to 180 kilograms of rice annually. Only threshed rice is called coarse rice. In this state, the rice is still covered with a rough shell. It must be removed before rice is cooked. Rice without this coarse shell is called brown rice. It is covered with a brown husk called bran. It contains the richest supply of vitamins and mineral salts that rice grains generally have. However, brown rice does not keep as long as white rice.

Most people prefer white, well-threshed, polished rice to brown. When the rice is polished, the husks and underdeveloped grains are removed by passing them through a shelling machine and the surface of each grain is carefully worked. When threshing and processing is completed, the rice has a white and smooth surface.

In addition to ordinary polished rice, there is also rice, also processed, but slightly darker than polished. It contains more vitamin В and mineral salts. For further processing, this rice is soaked in water at a temperature slightly below boiling point, and then it is steam-dried under pressure. This process is called scalding.

Vitamins from the wetted shell penetrate the grain during this treatment. Rice originated in southern India, where it has been growing for thousands of years. From there it spread to the East, to China more than 5 thousand years ago. Prior to the XNUMXth century, rice was unknown in North America.

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Hypersonic passenger aircraft 28.08.2015

The US Patent and Trademark Office has granted a patent application by Marco Prampolini and Yohann Coraboeuf for an "ultra-fast air vehicle and associated method of aerial locomotion." As the assignee in the patent, the European aerospace consortium EADS, of which Airbus is a part, is indicated. In other words, Airbus has just received a patent for a hypersonic passenger aircraft that is designed to fly above 20 km at Mach 4.

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