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BIG ENCYCLOPEDIA FOR CHILDREN AND ADULTS
What gives food its taste? Detailed answer
Directory / Big encyclopedia. Questions for quiz and self-education Did you know? What gives food its flavor? The whole process of taste perception is quite complex. We must start with the fact that on the tongue we have tiny, wart-like bumps that are responsible for our taste sensations. They are called taste buds ("papilas", using the scientific Latin term). A person has about three thousand of them. Taste sensations are caused by the response of the sensory hairs in these papillae to the molecules of liquids when they hit them. Only substances in solution, where the atoms are free to move, can produce the sensation of taste; a glass bead, for example, will not. Anything that makes the atoms move faster, like heat, enhances the taste experience. That's why hot coffee tastes more bitter than cold, roasted salted brisket more salty, and hot meat dishes taste better than cold. Our taste buds register three or four taste sensations: sweet, bitter, salty, and perhaps also sour. Different parts of the surface of the tongue are sensitive to different taste sensations: the back of the tongue - to bitter, on the sides - to sour and salty, the tip of the tongue - to sweet. Since almost all of our food consists of different components, it causes complex taste sensations. In addition, taste sensations are never experienced in their pure form; they are always complicated by olfactory ones. When we eat, we also feel heat, cold, atmospheric pressure. All these sensations add up to what we call the "taste of food." And it must also be said that often what we consider "taste" is actually a smell. For example, coffee, tea, apples, oranges, lemons and others stimulate the organ of smell to a greater extent than the organ of taste. Author: Likum A.
Where do rhinoceroses live? Today, there are five different types of rhinoceros, of which two - white rhinoceros and black - live in Africa. Both species have two horns. The remaining three species are found in Asia. The Indian and Javanese rhinos have one horn each. A rhinoceros from Sumatra has two. The bodies of rhinos are powerful, heavy, they usually move very slowly. They pay very little attention to what is happening around them, because they do not perceive other animals as potential food. They feed only on grass and other green plants. These powerful creatures are usually very calm and unsociable. But being forced to defend itself, the rhinoceros becomes very ferocious and dangerous. He can reach speeds of up to fifty kilometers per hour when he attacks the enemy, tilting forward his terrible head with pointed crooked horns. The smallest rhinoceros, the Sumatran, usually weighs less than a ton and is about one meter tall at the shoulder. The largest rhinoceros, the white African, weighs three and a half tons or more, and is about two meters tall. The massive body of the rhinoceros rests on four relatively short legs. Each foot has three toes. These are ungulates that are relatives of horses. The horn of some species of rhinoceros is very long: the largest of those that could be measured was more than one and a half meters. There are one or two horns, depending on the type of animal. The first horn is located above or slightly behind the nostrils, the second - just behind the first, somewhere at eye level. The horn in its structure is a bun and strongly compressed hard hair. The rest of the body, except for the area near the ears and the tip of the tail, is hairless. Rhino skin is tough and thick. Rhinos usually roam the savannah and feed on their own, but sometimes you can meet a rhinoceros family. The female gives birth to only one cub at a time. The cub is born about eighteen months after the mating season and is under the care of the mother for several years. In captivity, rhinos live up to about fifty years of age.
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