Who made the first boat? Detailed answer

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Who made the first boat? Detailed answer

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Who made the first boat?

What would you do if, living by the water, you never saw or heard of a boat? You would probably want to swim across a river or go with the flow, and you would probably start looking for something that would keep you on the water. This is how, apparently, primitive man discovered that if you tie several bushes or tree trunks together and use a stick or branch as a pole or oar, you can swim across a lake or river. Thus the idea of a boat was born.

Such a boat, consisting of floating objects connected to each other, was a raft. But he was uncomfortable, because he could not move quickly and water was poured on him. Therefore, primitive man began to look for a more maneuverable means, so that water would not be poured into it. He came up with the idea of using a hollowed-out log as a boat. It could move much faster, and it did not let water through at all. But on such a boat it was impossible to transport as much as on a raft, and besides, it easily capsized.

Primitive man tried to improve the "hollowed out" boat. To increase speed, he made the bow and stern, gave the sides of the boat a convex shape for greater stability and leveled the bottom. Then he invented the keel and tried to raise the sides of the boat with planks. Meanwhile, those who still continued to float on rafts also began to improve them. They laid the floor on the rafts from boards, and for greater convenience and protection they built a platform on the raft (it was the ancestor of the deck). They built up the sides and lifted up the back and front sides of the raft. And the boat turned out, which later became an ark, or a flat-bottomed boat, or a junk (these are all types of flat-bottomed boats).

Over time, rafts and hollowed out boats began to have a lot in common. It was natural to combine the best qualities of each of them, depending on which boat was needed. So, we can say that the boats known to us today are the result of the development of both described ideas of primitive man.

Author: Likum A.

Random interesting fact from the Great Encyclopedia:

Why is it necessary to take into account its group when transfusing blood?

Doctors have been giving blood transfusions to patients since ancient times. There was a time when they even tried to transfuse blood from an animal to people who suffered from a large blood loss, but it always ended badly. Transfusion of even human blood often led to the death of the patient, so there was a time when laws forbade doctors to perform this procedure.

In the last decade of the 1868th century, the Austrian immunologist Karl Landsteiner (1943-XNUMX) discovered that the blood of different people can be divided into groups and that there are groups that are incompatible with one another. He found that sometimes when one person's whole blood is mixed in a test tube with the blood serum of another person (serum is the liquid part of the blood left after red blood cells and clotting factors have been removed from it), the red blood cells of the whole blood stick together.

If this happens during a transfusion, the clumped red blood cells will clog the blood vessels and stop blood flow, which can lead to the death of the patient. This, however, does not always happen: sometimes the mixing of blood does not lead to the formation of dangerous clusters of cells.

In 1900, Landsteiner published the results of his research, laying the foundation for modern transfusiology, the science of blood transfusion. According to modern concepts, there are 4 main groups of human blood: A, B, AB and 0.

Each person's blood belongs to only one of these groups. If the blood of two people belongs to the same group, it can be transfused from one to another without any risk. Moreover, group 0 can be transfused to people with other groups (A, B, and AB), and groups A and B can be transfused to group AB. But if you transfuse blood of group AB to people with blood types A or B, or transfuse the blood of people with groups A or B to each other, or transfuse a person who has blood type 0, the blood of any other group, then this will lead to aggregation of red blood cells.

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