What is papyrus? Detailed answer

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What is papyrus? Detailed answer

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What is papyrus?

The first material that could be written on was made from a plant called papyrus. This invention was made by the Egyptians around 2000 BC. e. For about two and a half millennia, papyrus was the only material for writing.

Papyrus is a reed plant that belongs to the sedge family. It reaches a height of 1 to 3 meters. Its stems are soft, and their thickness sometimes reaches the thickness of a human hand. At the tops of the stems are hanging thin shoots resembling tangled coarse hair. The papyrus leaves are small and the roots are strong. The Roman historian Pliny left a description of how papyrus was made. The papyrus stems were cut into pieces and straightened out. The widest and most valuable part was the middle.

These strips were stacked one to another. Across, at a right angle, other strips were laid. These layers were then glued together with muddy water from the Nile or wheat flour glue. The sheets thus obtained were smoothed or rolled out and dried in the sun. At one time, papyrus was one of the main Egyptian goods.

For many centuries, all diplomatic documents were written on papyrus, until parchment was invented. Each sheet was marked with a stamp confirming its quality. Baskets were still woven from thin shoots of papyrus. Mats and sails were made from thicker stems, the boiled core of this cane was used as food for the poor, and when dried, it was used as fuel. Thus, you were convinced how useful this plant was in antiquity.

Author: Likum A.

Random interesting fact from the Great Encyclopedia:

Why did projects for diversion of northern rivers to the Volga appear and then disappear?

One of the features of the Caspian Sea is the strong fluctuations in the water level in it. When the Aral Sea began to dry up in the 1960s, it was noticed that the level of the Caspian Sea was also dropping. This was evident in the expansion of the coastal strip and the appearance of large new beaches. They sounded the alarm: it is necessary to save the sea. It was then that the notorious projects of transferring the northern rivers to the Volga sounded.

While the reasons were being discussed, while projects for diverting rivers were being clarified and rejected, time passed. In 1978, they were surprised to notice that the level of the Caspian began to rise. At first, the sea ate the beaches and flooded the newly built boarding houses near Makhachkala on the low flat part of the coast, then it moved closer to the railway. Now it was no longer necessary to save the Caspian Sea, but to save people from it. But in 1995, the water level in the Caspian Sea suddenly stopped rising. Everything has stabilized.

The need to transfer the northern rivers to the Volga has disappeared. How long?

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