When was the first book written? Detailed answer

BIG ENCYCLOPEDIA FOR CHILDREN AND ADULTS
Free library / Directory / Big encyclopedia for children and adults

When was the first book written? Detailed answer

Big encyclopedia for children and adults

Directory / Big encyclopedia. Questions for quiz and self-education

Did you know?

When was the first book written?

It took a man many millennia to produce something even remotely resembling a modern book. So when we talk about the first book, we must mean something else. In fact, the oldest books known to us were not books in the modern sense of the word.

Several millennia ago, the Babylonians and Assyrians made clay tablets. On these tablets they made notes that they wanted to keep. With the help of pointed sticks, they squeezed wedge-shaped signs, or cuneiform writing, on the still damp clay of these tablets. For better preservation of these tablets, they were fired in kilns.

Sometimes the entries were long and took up many clay tablets. Such a set of tablets, or "pages", can be roughly considered a book. The ancient Egyptians came closer to modern ideas about the book. They made a kind of rough paper from a reed called papyrus. Flat sheets were made by hand, after which these pale yellow sheets were glued into long strips, which were then wound on cylinders made of wood or bone.

With the help of ink from an aqueous solution of soot, the Egyptians wrote down poems, stories, all kinds of information using hieroglyphs, or picture writing. Since it was not very convenient to write on scrolls, sometimes entries were made on separate sheets. Then these sheets were tied together, making up something like a book.

Other peoples of antiquity, including the Greeks and Romans, made books that were wound on cylinders.

Author: Likum A.

Random interesting fact from the Great Encyclopedia:

Who is Socrates?

Socrates is rightly considered the ideal of a wise man, although he himself claimed that true wisdom is aware that it is worth nothing! He was born in Athens in Greece around 470 BC. e. Very little is known about his childhood and parents. He left no work behind him. However, his student, the great ancient Greek philosopher Plato, presented the teachings and ideas of Socrates in the form of a dialogue, combining them with scenes from the teacher's life.

According to Plato, Socrates spent all his time in the market in Athens, talking to anyone who agreed to listen to him. He especially liked to talk with those who had strong convictions on this or that score. Socrates forced such people to talk, asking leading questions, and then showed them that they were ignorant of what they judged with such confidence.

Therefore, a similar method of arguing with the help of questions began to be called the Socratic method. His basic life principle was the principle "Know thyself". The Athenians did not like him, as he refuted the fundamental ideas of their worldview. They told Socrates that he did not believe in gods, truth and justice. In 399 BC. e. enemies summoned him to court, accusing him of corrupting Athenian youth and neglecting religious duties.

No one believed in such accusations, and Socrates knew this very well. His defense speech at the trial, later recorded by Plato, was bold and playful. Knowing that he would be sentenced to death, he nevertheless declared that he should lead his former way of life, devoting himself to the search for truth. In prison, Socrates spent his last day discussing with friends the question of the immortality of the soul. He took the cup of poison offered to him without the slightest hesitation and drained it. His friends burst into tears, but Socrates asked them to remain silent and died with a smile on his lips.

Test your knowledge! Did you know...

▪ How did basketball get its name?

▪ Where does an orchid grow, which spends its entire life cycle underground?

▪ What plant was Linnaeus named after the female genital organ?

See other articles Section Big encyclopedia. Questions for quiz and self-education.

Read and write useful comments on this article.

<< Back

Latest news of science and technology, new electronics:

Artificial leather for touch emulation 15.04.2024

In a modern technology world where distance is becoming increasingly commonplace, maintaining connection and a sense of closeness is important. Recent developments in artificial skin by German scientists from Saarland University represent a new era in virtual interactions. German researchers from Saarland University have developed ultra-thin films that can transmit the sensation of touch over a distance. This cutting-edge technology provides new opportunities for virtual communication, especially for those who find themselves far from their loved ones. The ultra-thin films developed by the researchers, just 50 micrometers thick, can be integrated into textiles and worn like a second skin. These films act as sensors that recognize tactile signals from mom or dad, and as actuators that transmit these movements to the baby. Parents' touch to the fabric activates sensors that react to pressure and deform the ultra-thin film. This ... >>

Petgugu Global cat litter 15.04.2024

Taking care of pets can often be a challenge, especially when it comes to keeping your home clean. A new interesting solution from the Petgugu Global startup has been presented, which will make life easier for cat owners and help them keep their home perfectly clean and tidy. Startup Petgugu Global has unveiled a unique cat toilet that can automatically flush feces, keeping your home clean and fresh. This innovative device is equipped with various smart sensors that monitor your pet's toilet activity and activate to automatically clean after use. The device connects to the sewer system and ensures efficient waste removal without the need for intervention from the owner. Additionally, the toilet has a large flushable storage capacity, making it ideal for multi-cat households. The Petgugu cat litter bowl is designed for use with water-soluble litters and offers a range of additional ... >>

The attractiveness of caring men 14.04.2024

The stereotype that women prefer "bad boys" has long been widespread. However, recent research conducted by British scientists from Monash University offers a new perspective on this issue. They looked at how women responded to men's emotional responsibility and willingness to help others. The study's findings could change our understanding of what makes men attractive to women. A study conducted by scientists from Monash University leads to new findings about men's attractiveness to women. In the experiment, women were shown photographs of men with brief stories about their behavior in various situations, including their reaction to an encounter with a homeless person. Some of the men ignored the homeless man, while others helped him, such as buying him food. A study found that men who showed empathy and kindness were more attractive to women compared to men who showed empathy and kindness. ... >>

Random news from the Archive

Growing meat from mushrooms 25.09.2022

Singapore scientists have used button mushrooms to create an alternative meat.

The researchers grew mushrooms on food waste, which allowed them to saturate them with important ingredients and make them more nutritious. I must say that earlier legumes, wheat gluten, soy and even brewer's yeast were used for vegetable analogues of meat.

Scientists assure that their new meat will taste almost the same as the usual one. This is due to the higher content of amino acids, as well as aspartic and glutamic acids. The latter are usually found in animals and give the meat the necessary flavor.

Another new method will allow the reuse of common food waste from agricultural production - wheat stalks, brewer's grains or soybean husks. These wastes, according to experts, are emitted annually 39 and 14 million tons, respectively.

The lead author of the project, William Chen, believes that the use of these products for growing mushrooms allows us to offer a healthier alternative to meat.

Officially, the new technology will work in 2024. Researchers are currently improving the nutritional quality of the new meat and are working to further reduce food waste during its creation.

Other interesting news:

▪ Macrophages under hypoxic conditions

▪ Chip SAA7133 - stereo video decoder

▪ Video card GIGABYTE GeForce GTX 1650 D6 Eagle OC

▪ After the dinosaurs, mushrooms ruled the earth

▪ Night vision is available to everyone

News feed of science and technology, new electronics

Interesting materials of the Free Technical Library:

▪ site section Welding equipment. Article selection

▪ article Natural emergencies. Basics of safe life

▪ article Why the laws of the US state of North Carolina prohibit plowing on elephants? Detailed answer

▪ article Occupational safety in the alcohol industry

▪ article VHF receiver (monitor) Harry Litall. Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering

▪ article Birth of focus. Focus Secret

Leave your comment on this article:

All languages of this page

Home page | Library | Articles | Website map | Site Reviews