What does language do? Detailed answer

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What does language do? Detailed answer

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What does language do?

The tongue is at the same time one of the most amazing muscles and one of the organs of our body. It is the only muscle that attaches on only one side. Therefore, the tongue can move in a way that no other muscle can, which is essential for some of the functions it performs.

When we speak and produce a wide variety of sounds, the tongue assumes different positions and shapes, allowing us to produce sounds. Try pronouncing the entire alphabet slowly, and you will notice that when you pronounce different sounds, the tongue occupies a different position. The mucous membrane that covers the surface of the tongue is involved in taking, holding and chewing food. The surface of the tongue is a combination of graters, rollers, washboards, brushes, rakes and points that affect the food we eat.

The tongue is also one of the most subtle organs in terms of touch. It constantly informs us about the changes taking place in the mouth and sends messages to the central nervous system regarding what we eat and drink. And finally, there are taste buds on the tongue. The surface of the tongue is covered with small bumps, which look like tiny warts, on the walls of these bumps, which are called nipples, there are taste buds.

Humans have approximately 3000 taste buds. A cow has about 35 thousand of them, and a whale has very few or none at all. Their number depends on the taste needs of the animal. Human taste buds are able to detect three different taste sensations: sweet, salty and bitter. They can also distinguish sour, but this may be a combination of the other three.

Different parts of the tongue are sensitive to different tastes. The back is more sensitive to bitter, its sides are more sensitive to sour and salty, and the tip of the tongue recognizes sweet.

Author: Likum A.

Random interesting fact from the Great Encyclopedia:

Is the sense of smell stereoscopic?

It has long been established that vision and hearing in humans and many other animals are stereoscopic. However, we also have a stereo sense of smell, because the nostrils are also a paired organ, although they are located much closer to each other than the eyes or ears. The hypothesis of a stereoscopic sense of smell has been most effectively proved by the example of moles, whose eyesight and hearing are underdeveloped. In a special laboratory, moles needed much more time to find a feeder with earthworms if a plug was inserted into one of their nostrils, and the deviation of the course for all the experimental subjects was approximately the same and always towards the open nostril. In another part of the experiment, the moles were inserted into the left nostril with a plastic tube leading to the right, and into the right nostril leading to the left, in which case the animals were completely disoriented and could not find food.

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Prosthetic arm rocket engine 28.10.2007

US engineers have adapted a rocket engine for a prosthetic arm.

"We have created an artificial hand that resembles a human hand much more in its work and strength than all existing prostheses. In addition, it weighs about the same as a human hand," says Professor Michael Goldfarb from Vanderbilt University, leader of the work. (USA).

Until now, prosthetic arms have run on batteries - their energy was enough to provide a limited set of functions. However, for a complex hand that could, for example, move its fingers, the battery turned out to be weak.

Therefore, scientists from Goldfarb's group decided to adapt a rocket engine for the prosthesis. This was done by specialists from Johns Hopkins University - the engine became the size of a pencil. And it works on hydrogen peroxide, which decomposes with a catalyst. The result is pressure that opens and closes a series of valves, and the hand and fingers move. A small vessel of fuel, which is placed in the forearm, is enough to power an artificial arm for 18 hours.

When creating the hand, two problems arose. The first is warmth. They coped with it by covering the hottest parts with special plastic. The second is the exhaust: when the peroxide decomposes, water is obtained, which must be put somewhere.

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