What is botany? Detailed answer

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What is botany? Detailed answer

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What is botany?

Man has long studied the plant world mainly in order to find edible plants. Gradually, knowledge, accumulating, turned into the science of plants - botany, and the first people who devoted themselves to it were ancient healers and folk healers, who were considered sorcerers. First of all, they needed to know which of the plants contain poisonous substances, and which have a healing effect on humans and domestic animals. Therefore, for many years, botany remained just a part of medicine.

In the XNUMXth century, the first scientists appeared who began to conduct purely scientific observations of the life of various plants, describing what they saw in thick books. The authors of these books became the "fathers" of botany. In the XNUMXth century, the revolutionary work of the English scientist Charles Darwin allowed botanists to better understand the history of the plant world. They were able to establish that, like animals, all plants descended from ancient, primitive ancestors.

The research carried out by Darwin and his theory led to the creation of new sections and directions in the science of plants. One of these sections is plant anatomy, which deals not only with the structure of various plant species, but also with the search for a family relationship between them. Numerous experiments devoted to the study of heredity in plants make it possible to understand how this or that species is born and how it can be changed or improved from the point of view of human needs.

The science that studies these problems is called genetics. Ecology is another branch of botany. Its task is to determine how plants are distributed on the globe. In other words, it tries to answer the question of why a certain plant species exists only under given conditions.

Paleobotany tries to restore, of course, only in the sense of scientific knowledge, the path traversed by plants from lower, ancient forms to the present. The objects of its study are the fossilized remains of primitive species. Among other branches of botany, it is worth highlighting plant physiology, which studies the processes of life in them, including, for example, how they breathe and eat. There is also a special section dealing with plant diseases - plant pathology.

Author: Likum A.

Random interesting fact from the Great Encyclopedia:

What is a drug?

Today we often hear and read about drug addicts and the problems associated with them. These questions concern each of us. "Dope" is slang for drug.

Drugs are a special group of drugs that have an analgesic and hypnotic effect. They give a feeling of temporary sedation, known in medicine as anesthesia. All drugs should only be taken as directed by a doctor. If drugs are taken frequently, then a person becomes addicted, attracted to them. This means that now the person must take them regularly, and if this is not the case, then the person experiences great suffering. And once you start taking drugs, it is very difficult to quit them later. Drug addicts will pay big money for drugs, which are always obtained illegally, they will steal, commit other crimes to pay for them.

Here are the 5 most famous drugs: morphine, codeine, heroin, cocaine and marijuana.

Morphine is one of the best pain relievers. It is made from opium. Morphine has the strongest effect on the human brain. After taking it, anxiety disappears, the person becomes calm, relaxed, often sleepy. But the drug does not affect hearing, sight, touch.

Codeine relieves pain, but it has very little effect on the brain, so it is rarely used by drug addicts.

Heroin, on the other hand, gives a feeling of well-being, but is a weak pain reliever. Heroin production is banned in the US today due to its low medical effect.

Cocaine is a drug made from the leaves of the coca plant. The effect of cocaine on the brain is the strongest.

Marijuana is extracted from various plants, primarily from hemp. It is not used in medicine, but is used by drug addicts when smoking (dry leaves and flowers of hemp are used instead of tobacco). No person - no matter how old - should use drugs without the prescription and supervision of a physician.

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Electronic Willpower Trainer 06.04.2015

KickStarter is successfully raising funds for the kSafe device, which is intended to help those who lack willpower. Judging by the fact that, with the initial goal of $50000, almost $65000 was raised at the time of writing the news, although there are still 39 days left before the end of fundraising, the device is in great demand.

kSafe is a container with an electronic lock that can be opened using a smartphone. According to the developers, by placing an object in it and closing the lock, the user will be able to motivate himself to achieve a certain goal, since the lock opens only when a given condition is met.

For example, in order for the lock to open, a predetermined time must come. Or the user must complete a given number of steps. The third variant of the condition is to visit a place with given coordinates (it can be, say, a gym or a library).

The application on the smartphone monitors the fulfillment of the conditions. As stated, there is no way to bypass the protection. If desired, you can change the initial condition, but only in the direction of complication. In addition, you can use kSafe as a regular safe with a combination lock. Even if the power source of the safe, which lasts for six months, is discharged, the safe remains closed.

The volume of kSafe is 5,5 liters, which is enough for items such as a remote control, a joystick from a game console, a small tablet.

A fundraiser can reserve one device for $89. Available in clear, white or black body.

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