What does it take to make glass? Detailed answer

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What does it take to make glass? Detailed answer

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What does it take to make glass?

At first glance, glass appears to be made from a mixture of very specific chemicals, in a complex way, and is a marvel of chemistry. But in reality, glass is made in a very simple way, using the most ordinary substances.

Glass is an alloy of certain materials, cooling this mixture so that the atoms organize themselves randomly. What materials? About 95% of the Earth's minerals can be used in the production of glass! The most important of them are: sand (silicon dioxide), soda, limestone, borax, boric acid, magnesium oxide, lead oxide. Nature itself created the first glass.

About 450 years ago, molten rock from the bowels of the Earth rushed to the surface and broke through the earth's crust with volcanoes. When the hot lava contained silicon dioxide and rapidly solidified, a glass formed as hard as rock. Volcanic glass is called obsidian.

Man has been making glass since ancient times. The Egyptians more than 5000 years ago knew the method of making colored glass, with which they covered stone, dishes, and sometimes made beads. Perfume and ointment bottles made of glass were used in Egypt over 3500 years ago.

The period of the Roman Empire (XNUMXst century BC - XNUMXth century AD) was one of the greatest periods in the history of glass. It was at this time that man mastered how to blow glass and how to give glass objects shape and size.

Today, of course, there are many new ways of producing glass. But this is the main process. Raw materials for glass enter the glass factory and are stored in huge tanks. Substances are carefully measured, dosed and mixed. Broken glass, similar to that produced and called "cullet", is added to the mixture to speed up melting. The mixture is automatically fed into the oven. The glass then flows out of the oven to cool. It then goes through numerous processing processes such as blowing, pressing, rolling, casting and painting, depending on the type of glass to be obtained.

Author: Likum A.

Random interesting fact from the Great Encyclopedia:

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Thanks to the scientific approach to the study of infectious diseases and their treatment, initiated by Louis Pasteur (1822-1895), the average life expectancy for both men and women in developed countries reached 1960 years in the 70s.

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