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BIG ENCYCLOPEDIA FOR CHILDREN AND ADULTS
Who Invented Cosmetics? Detailed answer
Directory / Big encyclopedia. Questions for quiz and self-education Did you know? Who Invented Cosmetics? Cosmetics have always been needed in order to make a woman more attractive. But there have always been different ideals of beauty, so at different times, in different countries, cosmetics were different. For example, women of wild African tribes decorated themselves according to the standards of their people - for example, with a tattoo. And the Eskimo lady rubbed fats and ointments into her skin. She wore Eskimo makeup. The first people of antiquity, whose understanding of beauty coincided with ours, were the Egyptians. They admired healthy, shiny hair. They believed that the lips should have the correct shape, and the eyebrows and eyelashes should be well defined. They paid much attention to the correct complexion and graceful figure. Therefore, Egyptian women used cosmetics and beauty secrets that were slightly different from modern ones. They had green and black eyelash dye. They used blush and lipstick several times a day. They painted cheeks, lips, eyelids. Women applied black mascara to their eyelashes to make them appear longer. The Egyptians used perfumery extensively. Some of them used up to 15 types of cosmetics at the same time. It was customary for Egyptians to carry a tiny perfume bottle hidden in their clothes. The next to use cosmetics were the ancient Greeks. They not only used lipstick, but began to use hair bleach products. When the Romans conquered Greece, they brought "beauticians" with them. Those possessed the secrets of hair dyeing, special face balms, nourishing body creams, nail polish and so on. The fashion for curling hair became so popular among the Romans that even young people got curled. Ancient Roman women made masks from special clay to make their skin smooth and clear, just like modern women do in expensive beauty salons. Author: Likum A.
What shape was the Earth in the representation of the people of the Middle Ages? Not the way you think. Around the XNUMXth century BC. e. Almost no one thought the Earth was flat anymore. Although if you really needed to show the Earth as a flat disk, you would end up with something similar to the current UN flag. Generally speaking, the myth of the flat earth originated in the 1828th century. The reason for this is the semi-fiction novel by Washington Irving "The Life and Travels of Christopher Columbus" (XNUMX), where the author erroneously wrote that Columbus went on his famous journey to prove that the Earth was round and not flat, as supposedly believed at that time. The idea of a flat earth was first taken seriously in 1838 by an eccentric English eccentric named Samuel Burley Rowbotham, who published a 16-page work entitled "Cethetic Astronomy: A Description of Some Experiments Proving that the Sea Surface Is a Perfect Plane and the Earth is Not a Globe." . (The word "cetetic" comes from the Greek zetein, "to seek, find out".) A little more than a century later, Samuel Shenton, member of the Royal Astronomical Society and devout Christian, transformed the World Cethetic Society into the International Flat Earth Society. In theory, this question should have been buried once and for all by the NASA space program of the 1960s, which culminated in the landing on the moon. However, Shenton was not at all embarrassed. Looking at pictures of the globe taken from space, Shenton commented: "These astronauts are big cunning. For some reason, they needed people to believe that the Earth is round. That's why they falsify photographs so godlessly." And the Apollo lunar landing, in his opinion, was nothing more than a thorough Hollywood hoax, directed by Arthur C. Clarke. The membership of the Society skyrocketed. Shenton died in 1971, having, however, managed to appoint a successor to the presidency of the Society. Shenton handed over the reins to the eccentric but terribly charismatic Charles K. Johnson, who set himself the goal of gathering under the banner of the Society all who are ready to join the heroic movement "Against Big Science". By the end of the 1990s, the number of members of the Society reached 3500. Johnson, who lived and worked in the Mojave Desert, was convinced that the world we live in is a flat disk with the North Pole in the center, surrounded by a solid 45-meter wall of ice. The sun and moon are 52 km in diameter, and the stars are "as far from Earth as from San Francisco to Boston." In 1995, Johnson's desert retreat burned to the ground, and with it all the archives and membership lists. Charles K. Johnson died in 2001 with only a few hundred members left in the Society. Today, the Society exists as a web forum, www.theflatearthsociety.org, with about 800 registered members.
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