What is a hormone? Detailed answer

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What is a hormone? Detailed answer

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What is a hormone?

Hormones are produced by the endocrine glands. "Endocrine" means "internal secretion of the gland." Otherwise, they can be called glands without excretory ducts, because they secrete their secretions not into the capillaries, but directly into the blood. Hormones are also produced by some internal organs, such as the liver and kidneys, but most of the hormones in the body are produced by the glands.

Each of the hormones has its own specific effect on the body. In general, the work of hormones is to control the internal activities of the body - for example, growth and nutrition, the accumulation and expenditure of nutrients, and the process of reproduction. If the glands produce an insufficient or excessive amount of hormones, then a person may show deviations in physical development.

There are several major glands and hormones in our body, in particular the thyroid gland, located in the neck. It produces a hormone that affects the growth, development and metabolism of the body. The pituitary gland, located at the base of the skull, consists of two parts. As far as we know, a hormone produced by one part of this gland controls growth. The other part of the pituitary gland produces two hormones that help regulate our water intake, fat intake, blood pressure, and the body's heat transfer process.

There are two more important glands located on top of each kidney. They produce a hormone called adrenaline. This hormone is associated with blood pressure and the body's response to stressful or emotional situations. If you are excited or scared, you produce more of this hormone. Other glands in the body are related to your gender, determining whether you are a boy or a girl. Thus, you have seen that hormones are very important for you and your health.

Author: Likum A.

Random interesting fact from the Great Encyclopedia:

Who Invented Shorthand?

Can you write as fast as you speak? Probably not. But very often it is required to write down the words in the same order as they are pronounced, and in a fast rhythm. One way to solve this problem is to write shorthand.

Shorthand, in short, is a way to write quickly with conventional signs. These signs, which do not exactly look like words, can be deciphered later by a person who is familiar with the notation data system. Transcript assumes the accuracy of writing, tachography - speed, brachygraphy - brevity. It might be assumed that shorthand is a modern invention, but in reality it is already about 2 thousand years old!

In the days of ancient Rome, orators (like Seneca, for example) made big speeches in the senate. They needed to be recorded quickly and accurately. A Roman named Tyro in 63 B.C. e. came up with a system of abbreviations for recording these speeches. The system was so convenient that it was taught in Roman schools, emperors used it: and it lasted for several centuries. The system is based on the use of initial letters in words, abbreviations. This is a kind of abbreviation. Only consonants are used here. They are written in such a way that they occupy three different directions, and depending on this it is already clear which vowel should follow the consonant.

Modern shorthand originated in England during the time of Queen Elizabeth. This system allowed that each sign could have 4 slopes in 4 different directions and the initial position could be written in 12 views. In 1837, Isaac Pitman introduced his shorthand system based on sounds, that is, all words are spelled as they are heard, and not as they are pronounced. There are 26 characters for 24 consonants, as well as dots, dashes, strokes for writing vowels. In 1888, the Englishman Gregg improved the shorthand system, in which form it basically exists today.

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