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BIG ENCYCLOPEDIA FOR CHILDREN AND ADULTS
What is a mammoth? Detailed answer
Directory / Big encyclopedia. Questions for quiz and self-education Did you know? What is a mammoth? The word "mammoth" in our country often denotes something colossal, of enormous size. But once upon a time, there was an animal called a mammoth. The mammoth looked like an elephant and lived in many places throughout the earth, but mammoths have not survived to our time. Although this ancient species of elephant was called a "mammoth", it was about the size of a modern Indian elephant. He had a pointed skull and very unusual tusks that twisted in a spiral, and their tips were directed towards each other. Distinguished this elephant from those that we are used to seeing, and made it unlike anyone else, the long hair covering the body of a mammoth. It was so long that it reached the ground. He had a large hump at the back of his head, and his ears were small. The whole body of this animal was covered with a garment of yellow-brown wool, and the long, black, rougher fur broke through it. Wool also grew on the ears. The first thing we would say to a mammoth if he suddenly met us: "Go get your hair cut!" It is quite understandable that an animal in such a fur coat felt quite comfortable even in a cold climate. And the mammoth is the only elephant species that has ever lived that is at home in cold and even arctic climates. Therefore, he lived quite well in Siberia, and he lived there, apparently, until relatively recently. In other places, such as England and France, mammoths lived only until the end of the ice age. And when England warmed up between the two ice ages, the mammoth went north following the receding ice. In the same period, mammoths also lived in North America, and some of them reached 4 meters in height. Due to their enormous weight, mammoths often got stuck in the icy mud, which subsequently froze. Therefore, mammoths are still sometimes found in well-preserved form in places like Siberia. Author: Likum A.
How do plants get their food? We must not forget that plants are living beings. They eat, they drink, they breathe, and without enough good food they die. With the exception of two classes of plants, all plants produce their own food. Let's see how they do it. The wonderful substance chlorophyll, found in the cells of the leaves, and sometimes in the trunk and flowers, helps the living tissues of the plant to absorb the energy of sunlight. This energy transforms inanimate (inorganic) elements into life-giving (organic) substances. This truly amazing process is called photosynthesis. But carbon is required for the formation of living matter. The plant gets carbon from the air. (It exists in the air in combination with oxygen in the form of carbon dioxide). Once the plant receives carbon, it must combine it with other substances in order to build up the various parts of the plant. The most important of these is water, from which the plant obtains hydrogen. The water must also contain certain minerals needed by the plant. These are mainly compounds of nitrogen, sulfur, phosphorus, potash, calcium, magnesium, sodium and iron. The plant receives this water and minerals through its roots. One of the reasons the roots have such long tips is that the plant can reach new areas of soil with them in search of water and minerals. Thousands of small hairs on young root shoots pass through the soil particles and extract the necessary substances from them. Some of the water obtained from the roots is used to make sugar. The rest of the water evaporates from the leaves, and the plant wilts when the water evaporates through the leaves faster than it enters through the roots. By the way, did you know that no two leaves are exactly the same, even if they have the same shape and color?
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