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BIG ENCYCLOPEDIA FOR CHILDREN AND ADULTS
Why do animals go into hibernation? Detailed answer
Directory / Big encyclopedia. Questions for quiz and self-education Did you know? Why do animals go into hibernation? Let's talk about animals that hibernate. Unlike squirrels, they do not store food for the winter. Most often they eat plant foods, and with the advent of winter, it disappears. But animals accumulate fat in their bodies during the warm season. So when they cannot find food for a long time, they crawl deep into their holes and fall asleep. They spend the whole winter like this, feeding on stored fat. Many mammals, such as the bear, do not actually hibernate. They sleep much more in winter than in summer, but this is not at all the deep sleep of true hibernation. On warm and clear winter days, a bear, a squirrel, a chipmunk wake up and go outside. Real hibernation is somewhat similar to death and has nothing to do with ordinary sleep. When an animal is in hibernation, all its vital activity drops to almost nothing. The body temperature drops to such a level that the animal becomes only slightly warmer than the surrounding air. That is why animals use up their food reserves stored in the body very, very slowly. Because they consume less fuel, they need less oxygen, and as a result, their breathing slows down and their hearts barely beat. If the temperature in the den becomes very low, the hibernating animal wakes up, burrows itself deeper and falls asleep again. When spring comes, the animals are awakened by changes in temperature, humidity and hunger. Then they crawl out of their lairs. Did you know that many non-warm-blooded animals also hibernate? Earthworms crawl into the soil below the frozen layer; frogs hide in the muddy bottom of ponds; snakes crawl into cracks in rocks or earthen burrows; some fish, such as carp, sleep on the bottom. Even some insects hibernate under rocks and logs! Author: Likum A.
What is heredity? Every organism, be it a plant, a fish, an animal, or a human being, resembles its parents, but is nevertheless different from them. For example, children may resemble one parent or the other, but they usually share some of the traits of each parent. The thing is that parents pass on certain properties to children, and children "inherit" them. So, heredity is the study of how offspring acquire resemblance to their parents. The unit of heredity is called a "gene". Genes are large molecules found in the nuclei of both sperm and egg cells. Inside the nucleus of each cell are long thin spirals or threads. They are called chromosomes and carry genes. Since chromosomes occur in pairs, their genes are also paired. A cell's chromosomes can contain hundreds of thousands of pairs of genes. Each gene pair controls one or more characteristics of an organism, such as hair color, nose shape, body size, etc. There are many laws of heredity, which means that the process occurs in certain directions. For example, each trait that is inherited depends on a simple "factor", and each factor behaves independently. Because certain traits are inherited from parents, this does not mean that every other trait will inevitably be inherited as well. In other words, factors or genes are not related to each other. Some genes are dominant while others are recessive. For example, the genes for curly hair are dominant over the genes for straight hair. When both parents are curly, they usually have curly children as well. But if every parent carries the recessive gene for straight hair, some children may have straight hair. Scientists have studied human traits such as eye, hair, and skin color, so they can usually tell how such traits are inherited by people whose family histories have been known for generations.
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