How was the telephone invented? Detailed answer

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How was the telephone invented? Detailed answer

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How was the telephone invented?

The history of the creation of the phone is very interesting (no wonder they managed to make a movie about it!). But first, let's make sure we understand how the phone works.

When you speak, the air causes your vocal cords to vibrate. These vibrations are transmitted to the air molecules, i.e. sound waves coming out of your mouth vibrate the air. When they reach the aluminum disk-membrane in your phone's microphone, they make it vibrate in exactly the same way as the molecules of the air itself. These vibrations send undulating currents down the telephone line, which cause the membrane in the handset at the other end of the line to vibrate exactly the same as in the microphone of the transmitter telephone. In turn, the membrane creates waves in the air, similar to those sent into the microphone. When these air waves reach the ear of the person on the other end of the telephone line, they act as if they were coming from your mouth!

Now let's move on to the story of how Alexander Graham Bell invented the telephone. On June 2, 1875, he conducted an experiment in Boston, trying to simultaneously transmit several telegraph messages on the same wire. In doing so, he used a set of steel bars. Bell worked with the receiver in one room, and his assistant Thomas Watson with the transmitter in another.

Watson pulled the steel bar in such a way as to cause it to vibrate, and this created a ringing sound. Suddenly, Bell burst into the room shouting, "Don't touch anything! What did you do then? Let me have a look!" He discovered that a steel rod, vibrating over a magnet, caused an alternating current to flow through the wire. This caused the rod in Bell's room to vibrate and created a similar ringing sound.

The next day, the first telephone was made, and the sounds of the voice could be transmitted through the first telephone line, which led from the top floor of the building two floors down. And on March 10 of the following year, the first phrase was spoken on a real, working telephone: "Mr. Watson, come here, I need you!"

Author: Likum A.

Random interesting fact from the Great Encyclopedia:

What is nickel?

Nickel is found in many alloys that are widely used in hundreds of industries. It is one of the most useful metals known to man. But in the old days, when chemists tried to work with him, he gave them a lot of trouble. After all, it is not for nothing that the name "nickel" comes from the German word meaning "imp"!

Nickel is found in meteorites, and sometimes - in small quantities - it is found in a free state. But the largest reserves of nickel are found in certain deposits, in particular in pyrrhotite (pyrrhotite is a mineral containing iron, copper and nickel). Canada is the largest producer of nickel.

Nickel-containing ore is usually smelted in blast furnaces to produce an enriched mixture called matte. Nickel is then smelted from this mixture in a blast furnace. Nickel is a silvery, shiny metal that can be forged, that is, easily processed. In addition, nickel is one of the most magnetizable metals when unheated.

We seldom see pure nickel except when it is used to coat other metals. This is called nickel plating. It protects metals from rust and loss of luster, increases their wear resistance. Most of the nickel produced is used in alloys. For example, in an alloy with copper, it is used to make coins. Therefore, the US nickel is called a "nickel".

When alloyed with three parts copper and one part zinc, nickel forms a light silvery metal known as nickel silver, which is used to make cutlery and as a base for silver-plated objects. But a relatively small fraction of the nickel is used in this way. Basically, it goes to the manufacture of alloys with steel, which can withstand constant loads.

These alloys are used in the construction of bridges, railways, in the manufacture of rivets, boilers for locomotives, automobile gearboxes and axles, teeth for excavator buckets.

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