Who Invented the Thermometer? Detailed answer

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Who Invented the Thermometer? Detailed answer

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Who Invented the Thermometer?

Have you ever wondered, "I wonder how hot it is?" Or: "I wonder how cold it is?" If you are interested in heat, then imagine the range of questions related to this phenomenon that scientists want to clarify! But the first step in the science of heat should be the question: how to measure it?

Thus, life itself demanded the invention of the thermometer. By the way, "thermo" means "heat", and "meter" - "measure". Thus, a thermometer is a "heat (or temperature) meter".

The main requirement for a thermometer is that it should always give the same reading at the same temperature. The Italian scientist Galileo understood this when he began his experiments around 1592 (100 years after Columbus discovered the Americas). He managed to make a kind of thermometer, which can be called "air thermoscope". It consisted of a glass tube and a hollow ball filled with air. Then they were heated to expand the air inside, after which the open end of the tube was placed in some kind of liquid, such as water. The air in the tube was compressed as it cooled, and the liquid rose up the tube, trying to take its place. Temperature changes caused the liquid level in the tube to rise or fall. Thus, it was the first "thermometer" as it measured heat. But note: in fact, he recorded the expansion and contraction of air in the tube. It is not difficult, therefore, to understand that this thermometer was not accurate, for it was affected by changes in atmospheric pressure.

The modern type of thermometer uses the expansion and contraction of a liquid to measure temperature. This liquid is hermetically sealed in a glass ball with a thin tube attached to it. An increase in temperature causes the liquid to expand and rise through the tube, a decrease in pressure causes it to contract and go down. The graduated scale on the tube shows us the temperature.

This type of thermometer was first used around 1654 by the Grand Duke of Tuscany Ferdinand II.

Author: Likum A.

Random interesting fact from the Great Encyclopedia:

Why is the speed of ships measured in knots?

For a long time, to determine the speed of ships, a sector log was used - a triangular board with a rope tied to it, on which knots were tied at the same distance. The board was thrown overboard, the time was recorded (usually half a minute) and they counted how many knots the rope carried by the lag would unwind while the ship was moving forward. If the distance between the knots is a multiple of a nautical mile (for example, 1/120 of a mile), then you can immediately determine the speed in miles per hour. This unit of measurement is called the "knot". Modern instruments for measuring the speed of ships are more advanced and work on other principles, but they still indicate it in knots.

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