Who discovered the atom? Detailed answer

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Who discovered the atom? Detailed answer

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Who discovered the atom?

The ancient Greeks believed that everything in existence is made up of atoms. In fact, the word "atom" comes from the Greek word meaning "indivisible", because the Greeks thought that if you divide something until it becomes impossible to do so, the result will be the last atom. Now, even though the Greeks knew about it, we cannot say for sure that it was they who discovered the atom. First of all, their belief in the atom was unscientific: it did not come from any scientific information and was not supported by it. It was just a "philosophical" idea about being and the world.

The atom, as we know, was discovered on the basis of scientific research and theories. Until about the beginning of the 1803th century, the idea of what matter or substance consists of was considered only by philosophers! Then came the English chemist and mathematician John Dalton, and in XNUMX he was the first to develop a scientific theory of the atom.

Dalton was a diligent experimenter. He weighed samples of many gases and found differences in their masses. He discovered that gases, as well as solid and liquid substances, are composed of incredibly small particles, which he also called atoms. He calculated the relative masses for the atoms of the elements known to him. When Dalton established that atoms of different elements have different properties and different masses, he really laid the foundation for the scientific knowledge of the atom.

Of course, there has not yet been a precise explanation of what an atom is and what role it plays. Another Englishman, Ernest Rutherford, almost 100 years later, substantiated a theory of the atom, reminiscent of the description of the solar system: a heavy positively charged nucleus in the center, surrounded by negatively charged electrons.

Today, scientists think that an atom is made up of electrons, protons, neutrons, positrons, neutrinos, mesons, and hyperons. In general, they discovered more than 20 different particles in the composition of the atom. But, what is most strange, there is still no complete description of the atom that can explain everything about it.

Author: Likum A.

Random interesting fact from the Great Encyclopedia:

Are locusts dangerous?

Locusts are very dangerous in the gregarious phase. Kuligi - an accumulation of locust larvae - move in thousands of masses on the surface of the earth, destroying crops, forests and plantings. Adult insects (imagoes) are capable of long-distance flights.

A swarm of locusts that flew over the Red Sea in 1899 numbered 500 billion insects and weighed a million tons. Having descended to the ground, such a cloud destroys all life - both animals and plants.

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Video surveillance in Moscow schools 29.04.2012

Schools will be connected to the Moscow city video surveillance system. By the end of the year, cameras that will monitor security in schoolyards will be installed in 30% of the educational institutions of the capital, Artyom Yermolaev, head of the Department of Information Technologies of the capital, said at a conference with school principals on the introduction of information technologies in education.

Electronic student cards, the introduction of which has begun in 200 pilot educational institutions of the capital, will help track the visits of outsiders and establish control over school attendance. The student will be asked to present their card to a special validator at the entrance and exit of the school. At the request of the family, information about the student's movements will be sent to the parents' mobile phone.

Electronic cards are also planned to be used for non-cash payments in the canteen and food accounting for beneficiaries. At the same time, the child's relatives will be able to control the time of eating and see the school menu. In the future, the student's temporary cards will be replaced by the Universal Electronic Card, the launch of which at the federal level is scheduled for January 1, 2013. In order to take part in testing, the school administration must submit an application to the district education department.

The conference participants also discussed issues related to the introduction of electronic diaries and journals in schools. The deputy head of the Department of Education, Veniamin Kaganov, said the city would not object to the complete elimination of paper diaries if the school is fully confident in the sustainability of its electronic processes. At the same time, he asked institutions that have not yet begun to introduce electronic diaries to decide by the beginning of the next academic year.

The head of DIT Artyom Ermolaev noted that the city-wide system dnevnik.mos.ru will be actively developed, which will not only allow you to comfortably start working with electronic diaries from scratch, but also help to seamlessly integrate those disparate solutions that are already in educational institutions. A Department of Education spokesman said that a recent study by the department found a correlation between how actively a school communicates with parents through electronic diary systems and the level of satisfaction with the quality of education in a particular school. Representatives of the pedagogical community confirmed that the new tools do not destroy the traditional communication with parents, but make the interaction more constructive and intense.

The participants of the discussion emphasized that the introduction of new electronic services in education is financed from the city budget and is free for both schools and parents.

To cope with the influx of modern technology in schools - last year alone, a computer class was updated in 500 educational institutions, and 27 subject teachers received personal laptops - the launch of a unified technical support service will help, on the website of which you can also check the schedule for entering the school purchased by the city equipment.

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