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BIG ENCYCLOPEDIA FOR CHILDREN AND ADULTS
What are fingerprints for? Detailed answer
Directory / Big encyclopedia. Questions for quiz and self-education Did you know? What are fingerprints for? A long time ago, man noticed patterns on the pads of his fingers. The people of China used them for various purposes hundreds of years ago. But only recently have people begun to use fingerprints as a means of identifying criminals. The first to suggest their use for this purpose was Dr. Henry Faulds, who lived in England in 1880. And in 1882, the famous English scientist Francis Galton proved that there are no two fingerprints alike. He was the first person to start collecting fingerprint cards. The British government became interested in his theories. It appointed a commission that was supposed to find the possibility of using fingerprints in the identification of criminals. One of the members of the commission, Sir Edward Henry later became the head of Scotland Yard. Sir Henry invented a system for classifying and storing fingerprints. You understand that without an appropriate system, matching fingerprints would take too long, and during an investigation, speed is very important. According to his classification, the following elements of the pattern are distinguished: loops, double loops, closed racket loops, arcs, arches, curls and random elements. If you count the lines between certain points of the print, you can easily classify each of the ten prints into a special group. For classification, fingerprints of all ten fingers of the suspect are taken. Processed according to such a system, fingerprint cards are folded in a certain sequence, regardless of the name and description of the person or the type of crime committed by him. A police file may contain millions of cards, but identification can take minutes. The FBI file contains 100 million cards with fingerprints of people, including those who want to be identified in case of illness. It contains the fingerprints of military personnel, as well as government officials. Today, the police take the fingerprints of all foreigners working in the UK, as well as workers employed in defense enterprises. Author: Likum A.
Who made the first glasses? Today, many politicians and other famous people wear glasses. It would be interesting to know how the course of history would change if the statesmen of the past wore glasses (if, of course, they needed them). Perhaps emperors and kings would behave differently if they could better see the world around them. Nobody knows the person who invented the first pair of glasses. In 1266, Roger Bacon enlarged the letters in the book by applying a magnifying glass to them. But who first guessed to wear lenses near the eyes? A portrait from 1352 shows Cardinal Hugon wearing spectacles, which consisted of two framed lenses and two temples fastened together and placed near the eyes. So someone invented glasses sometime between 1266 and 1352. When the first printed books appeared, glasses became a necessity. Most of the craftsmen then worked in Northern Italy and Southern Germany, so in the XNUMXth century glasses were made mainly in these areas. In 1629, the English King Charles I approved the charter of the Guild of Spectacle Makers. And in 1784, Benjamin Franklin invented double focus glasses. Today, glasses not only help people read and see well, but are also used for other purposes. We know that sunglasses protect your eyes from bright light and sunlight. Colored lenses are used for camouflage. Night aviators and photographers wear red lenses, and for skiers, pilots, polar explorers and mountaineers they produce glasses that absorb ultraviolet and infrared rays. Workers in open-hearth shops wear goggles that block out infrared rays. Glassblowers also wear glasses that allow them to see better. We can endlessly enumerate professions where it is necessary to use special glasses.
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