What is chlorine? Detailed answer

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What is chlorine? Detailed answer

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What is chlorine?

Pure chlorine is a gas. This is one of the most poisonous gases, but at the same time - and one of the most useful! In nature, chlorine is part of various compounds - for example, ordinary table salt (sodium chloride).

Pure chlorine was first obtained in 1774 by the Swedish chemist Carl Scheele. Currently, it is obtained cheaply by passing an electric current through a solution of common salt.

Poison gas, first used in World War I, consisted almost entirely of pure chlorine. German troops used it on 22 April 1915. Both sides used various poison gases consisting of chlorine compounds. In World War II, despite the fact that both warring parties had large stocks of poison gases, they did not use it in hostilities.

At the same time, despite the fact that chlorine is poisonous and dangerous, it is one of the most reliable means of combating human health. As part of many herbicides and disinfectants, chlorine destroys microbes. In many cities, water treatment systems use chlorine to kill bacteria. At the same time, four to five parts of chlorine are used per million parts of water. This amount is harmless to humans, but sometimes the water tastes like chlorine.

Chlorine can be liquefied by refrigeration and high pressure. Liquid chlorine is transported in metal containers or special tanks.

Chlorine is used in bleaching and in the manufacture of bleaching powders. Chlorine is especially widely used in paper bleaching. It is also used in dyes, and compounds with oxygen and potassium - in the creation of fireworks, as well as in the manufacture of matches.

Explosion-proof cleaner carbon tetrachloride is also a chlorine compound. It is also used in some types of fire extinguishers. Chlorine is also an integral part of modern antiseptics.

Author: Likum A.

Random interesting fact from the Great Encyclopedia:

Why are we crying?

Most of us believe that we only cry when we are sad. But did you know that a person actually cries about 250 million times during their lifetime?

Let's see how it goes. Our eyelids are a kind of curtains of skin folds that can be raised and lowered with the help of muscles. These curtains move so fast that they do not interfere with our view at all. We don't even notice it. In fact, our eyelids open and close every 6 seconds.

Each eye has a special gland located at the outer corner of the eye, ducts through which tears enter the upper eyelid, channels through which tears flow from the outside of the eye.

With each blink, the tear ducts open to moisten the cornea of the eye. But, from a mechanical point of view, when we cry, the same thing happens.

Have you watched people laugh to tears? The reason for this is that with strong laughter, the muscles squeeze the glands, and tears begin to flow.

Everyone knows what can make us cry without causing us any sad emotions. Of course it's an onion! It contains special volatile substances that irritate our eyes. Tears also perform a kind of protective function, washing out this irritant. The same thing happens with smoking. We involuntarily cry, protecting, clearing our eyes.

And finally, why do we cry when we experience sad emotions? Man is the only creature that cries to express emotions. Just a thought can make a sensual person cry about it.

This is what happens when our emotions don't find expression in words. They are looking for a way out in the mechanism of the formation of tears. This is a reflex that does not depend on us. Its reason is that our body itself manifests those feelings that we cannot or do not want to express in words.

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The new portable sweat analyzer can detect four types of chemicals at once and measure body temperature at the same time.

Our visit to the doctor most often begins with a blood test. No doubt, blood is an excellent indicator of the state of health, and the further, the more diseases can be recognized by the composition of various cells and molecules floating in the bloodstream.

But we have another biological fluid in which a lot of biochemical information can also be found - this is sweat. In addition to water and simple ions, it also contains complex biomolecules, up to proteins, and even now sweat analysis allows diagnosing certain diseases, finding out what substances a person has taken, choosing a convenient exercise regimen, etc. In addition, sweat has one important advantage - for it you do not need to poke something sharp into a finger or a vein. However, until now, in order to make an analysis of sweat, it had to be collected in a special container in order to then give it to a specialist.

With a new device developed by the staff of the University of California at Berkeley, everything will become faster and easier - Wei Gao (Wei Gao) and colleagues have created an electronic analyzer that can be worn on the arm like a bracelet, and which measures body temperature and the chemical composition of sweat in real time . The electronic bracelet is able to determine the amount of sodium and potassium ions, as well as glucose and lactic acid (lactate), and the received data is immediately transmitted to the smartphone.

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