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BIG ENCYCLOPEDIA FOR CHILDREN AND ADULTS
What is a storm? Detailed answer
Directory / Big encyclopedia. Questions for quiz and self-education Did you know? What is a storm? Man has turned into a powerful creature capable of taming formidable forces, but he also awakens horror when he becomes a witness to a storm! What is a storm? Everything that happens in nature and in nature is formidable, cruel, can be considered a storm. At sea, a storm can be in the form of a strong wind or a storm. On land, a storm is heavy rain, thunder, strong winds. At the latitude of the United States, a storm can cover an area of more than a hundred square kilometers. Rotating air currents are formed around areas of low pressure. These storms originate where cold, southward moving arctic air masses meet warm, moist air moving northward from the tropics. In some place, large currents of warm air are wedged into cold air. The top of this stream creates a zone of low pressure, where the winds are directed and around which a storm forms. Upon contact, a slight combination of warm and cold air occurs. Lighter warm air rises above cold air, cools, and condenses. Clouds form and the result is rain or snow. In the Northern Hemisphere, due to the rotation of the Earth, the movement of air shifts to the right, so air flows in vortices move clockwise. It resembles a huge tornado. Typhoons and hurricanes north of the equator are most frequent in late summer or autumn, originating over warm tropical waters. They move in a western and northwestern direction, gradually deviating to the right. A tornado is a very strong whirlwind. Its harbinger is the appearance of a cloud in the form of a funnel, as well as thunderclouds. The base of such a funnel is only hundreds of meters in diameter, but it destroys everything that comes in its path. Destructive power has a huge wind force and a strong pressure drop. Walls of houses are crumbling, buildings are being destroyed! Tornadoes cause such destruction that in areas where they are most frequent, residents build special shelters where they hide when a tornado approaches. Author: Likum A.
Where is the coldest place in the universe? In Finland. In 2000, a team of scientists from the Helsinki University of Technology cooled a piece of rhodium to just ten billionths of a degree above absolute zero (-273°C). Rhodium is a rare metal primarily used in automotive exhaust gas aftertreatment. The second "coldest" place is occupied by the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. In 2003, the research team of this institution, led by Wolfgang Ketterle, succeeded in obtaining extremely cold sodium gas. In 2001, Ketterle was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics for his work on the Bose-Einstein condensate, a new state of aggregation in which matter exists only at temperatures close to absolute zero. Ketterle's interest in science was awakened at an early age - when he had fun with Lego blocks. Such low temperatures obtained in laboratory conditions are an outstanding achievement. Indeed, even in deep space, outside the solar system, the temperature practically does not fall below minus 245 degrees Celsius. The only known exception is the Boomerang Nebula, discovered by Australian astronomers in 1979. By the way, she really looks like a boomerang (or maybe a bow tie). At the very center of the nebula lies a dying star, three times the mass of our Sun. For the past 1500 years, the Boomerang Nebula has been emitting gas in the form of wind blowing at 500 km/h. Just as the air we exhale cools, so does the gas squeezed out of the nebula. The gas is two degrees colder than the space in which it subsequently expands. Due to the rapid expansion of the gas molecules, the nebulae cooled to -000 ° C, which is the lowest officially recorded natural temperature in nature. The lowest temperature in the solar system, -235 ° C, measured in 1989 by the Voyager II spacecraft on the surface of Triton (one of the two moons of the planet Neptune), is a slight chill in comparison. And the lowest temperature ever recorded on Earth, -89,2 ° C, in Antarctica, in 1983, is the real tropics. Research in the field of low temperatures is extremely important for the study of superconductors - materials that have zero electrical resistance, but at the same time (at least until now) work only at very low temperatures. If humanity could harness superconductors, they would completely change the world around us. Thanks to them, the computing power of computers would increase dramatically and at the same time both the cost of electricity and the emissions of gases responsible for the greenhouse effect would be significantly reduced. We would have a vehicle capable of moving without fuel, an alternative way to look inside the human body without the use of harmful X-rays, and an electronic bomb - a weapon that disables an enemy's electronic equipment without the need to kill anyone.
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