When did the ice age end? Detailed answer

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When did the ice age end? Detailed answer

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When did the ice age end?

Many of us believe that the Ice Age ended a very long time ago and no traces of it remain. But geologists say we're only getting closer to the end of the Ice Age. And the inhabitants of Greenland are still living in the Ice Age.

Approximately 25 thousand years ago, the peoples who inhabited the central part of North America saw ice and snow all year round. A huge wall of ice stretched from the Pacific to the Atlantic Ocean, and north to the very Pole. It was during the final stages of the Ice Age, when all of Canada, most of the United States, and northwestern Europe were covered in a layer of ice over one kilometer thick.

But this does not mean that it was always very cold. In the northern part of the United States, the temperature was only 5 degrees below present. The cold summer months caused the Ice Age. At this time, the heat was not enough to melt the ice and snow. It accumulated and eventually covered the entire northern part of these areas.

The Ice Age consisted of four stages. At the beginning of each of them, ice formed, moved south, then melted and retreated to the North Pole. This happened, it is believed, four times. Cold periods are called "glaciation", warm - "interglacial" period.

The first phase in North America is believed to have started about two million years ago, the second about 1 years ago, the third about 250 years ago, and the last about 000 years ago.

The rate of ice melting at the last stage of the ice age in different regions was not the same. For example, in the area of present-day Wisconsin in the United States, ice melt began about 40 years ago. The ice that covered the New England area in the US disappeared about 000 years ago. And the territory of the modern state of Minnesota was freed by ice only 28 years ago!

In Europe, Germany freed itself from ice 17 years ago, while Sweden only 000 years ago.

Author: Likum A.

Random interesting fact from the Great Encyclopedia:

How do trees grow?

Like all living things, trees also need food to grow. How does the tree get it?

From the soil, the plant receives water and mineral salts. From the air - carbon dioxide, and the green leaves of the tree process solar energy into starch, sugar and cellulose. That is, a chemical process takes place in the tree, which ensures the growth and development of the tree.

Between the wood and the bark of the tree there is a thin layer of cells called the cambium. New cells are created in this layer. Those that arise on the inside of the cambium form wood, not the outside - the bark. Therefore, with age, the tree increases in diameter.

The diameter of the tree increases constantly, but this does not happen with the bark. Often the bark bursts, dies and falls off.

The tree grows up, as well as in width. At the tip of each branch there are living cells. During the period of active growth, these cells divide, creating more and more new cells. They increase in size, form new leaves, and also increase in size the branches themselves. Thus, shoots grow.

Over time, the cells at the ends of the shoots become less active, and branch growth slows down. These new cells become hard, scaly-like, gradually becoming a bud. These buds are easy to spot on a tree in winter.

In the spring, the scales of the bud open or fall off, and the process begins to grow again. As you can see, the layer of cambium and cells at the tips of the branches contribute to the annual growth of the tree in diameter and upwards.

On a cut of a tree, successively located light and dark stripes are visible. Different colors indicate that the cells that make up the wood have unequal sizes. Light stripes consist of large cells formed in spring and early summer. The dark stripes are made up of smaller, densely packed cells formed in late summer. By their size, you can determine the amount of wood formed per year, and the number of rings corresponds to the age of the tree.

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Sony is phasing out CD and DVD drives 08.09.2012

Sony Corporation announced its intention to curtail the production of optical disc drives by March 2013, reports PCMag citing The Asahi Shimbun. Sony Optiarc, a subsidiary of Sony that manufactures CD and DVD drives for personal computers, will cease operations entirely by March next year, the sources said.

As a result of the plant's closure, most of its approximately 400 employees, including about 300 working outside of Japan, will lose their jobs as part of an early retirement program. Sony Optiarc was established in 2006 with NEC Corporation. In 2008, NEC exited the stake and Sony became 100% owner of the business.

After recording a net loss of 2010 billion yen ($2011 billion) at the end of the 457-5,8 financial year, Sony Corporation launched a restructuring program, intending to get rid of unprofitable divisions and concentrate on several key areas, including the gaming business. The closure of Sony Optiarc is part of that plan. All in all, by March 2013, Sony plans to cut staff by about 10 thousand employees. To date, the corporation has already fired several thousand people.

Sony Optiarc owns approximately 10-15% of the global optical drive market, and the company's annual sales are in the tens of billions of yen. However, the company slipped into a loss due to a decrease in demand for laptops, the drives for which it produces, and due to increasing competition from foreign manufacturers.

Sony announced last week that it would relocate Sony Mobile's headquarters from Sweden to Japan and lay off approximately 1 employees. The phasing out of optical drives, according to PCMag, is one of the final steps in Sony's restructuring. In addition to the gaming business, Sony plans to focus on signal processors, cameras, sensors and lenses.

The news comes amid rumors that Apple's next-generation iMac and Mac Pro models will be devoid of built-in optical drives for the first time in nearly 20 years. Apple has already ditched the DVD drive in the latest MacBook Pro with Retina display and earlier in the Mac mini. In January 2011, it was reported that Sony was closing one of its largest CD manufacturing plants, citing declining demand for the media.

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