General instructions for electrical installations

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ENCYCLOPEDIA OF RADIO ELECTRONICS AND ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
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Section 1 General Rules

A common part. General instructions for electrical installations

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Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering / Rules for the installation of electrical installations (PUE)

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1.1.19. Electrical equipment, electrical products and materials used in electrical installations must comply with the requirements of state standards or technical specifications approved in the prescribed manner.

1.1.20. The design, design, installation method, class and insulation characteristics of the machines, devices, instruments and other electrical equipment used, as well as cables and wires, must comply with the parameters of the network or electrical installation, operating modes, environmental conditions and the requirements of the relevant chapters of the PUE.

1.1.21. Electrical installations and associated structures must be resistant to or protected from environmental influences.

1.1.22. The construction and sanitary parts of electrical installations (the design of the building and its elements, heating, ventilation, water supply, etc.) must be carried out in accordance with the current building codes and regulations (SNiP) with the obligatory fulfillment of additional requirements given in the PUE.

1.1.23. Electrical installations must meet the requirements of current regulatory documents on environmental protection regarding permissible levels of noise, vibration, electric and magnetic field strengths, and electromagnetic compatibility.

1.1.24. To protect against the influence of electrical installations, measures must be taken in accordance with the requirements of the standards for permissible industrial radio interference and the rules for protecting communication devices, railway signaling and telemechanics from the dangerous and interfering influence of power lines.

1.1.25. Electrical installations must provide for the collection and disposal of waste: chemicals, oil, garbage, process water, etc. In accordance with current environmental protection requirements, the possibility of this waste entering water bodies, storm water drainage systems, ravines, as well as in areas not intended for storing such waste.

1.1.26. The design and selection of circuits, layouts and structures of electrical installations should be made on the basis of technical and economic comparisons of options, taking into account the requirements for ensuring the safety of service, the use of reliable schemes, the introduction of new equipment, energy and resource-saving technologies, and operating experience.

1.1.27. If there is a risk of electrical corrosion or soil corrosion, appropriate measures must be taken to protect structures, equipment, pipelines and other underground communications.

1.1.28. In electrical installations, it must be possible to easily recognize parts belonging to individual elements (simplicity and clarity of diagrams, proper arrangement of electrical equipment, inscriptions, markings, colors).

1.1.29. For color and digital designation of individual insulated or non-insulated conductors, colors and numbers must be used in accordance with GOST R 50462 “Identification of conductors by colors or digital designations”.

Protective grounding conductors in all electrical installations, as well as neutral protective conductors in electrical installations with voltages up to 1 kV with a solidly grounded neutral, incl. tires must have the letter designation PE and a color designation with alternating longitudinal or transverse stripes of the same width (for tires from 15 to 100 mm) of yellow and green colors.

Zero working (neutral) conductors are designated by the letter N and the color blue. Combined neutral protective and neutral working conductors must have the letter designation PEN and a color designation: blue along the entire length and yellow-green stripes at the ends.

1.1.30. The alphanumeric and color designations of tires of the same name in each electrical installation must be the same.

Tires must be marked:

1) with three-phase alternating current: buses of phase A - yellow, phase B - green, phase C - red;

2) with single-phase alternating current, bus B, connected to the end of the power source winding, is in red, bus A, connected to the beginning of the power source winding, is yellow.

Single-phase current buses, if they are a branch from the buses of a three-phase system, are designated as the corresponding three-phase current buses;

3) at constant current: positive bus (+) - in red, negative (-) - in blue and zero operating M - in blue.

The color coding must be carried out along the entire length of the tires if it is also provided for more intensive cooling or anti-corrosion protection.

It is allowed to carry out a color designation not along the entire length of the busbars, only a color or only an alphanumeric designation, or a color in combination with an alphanumeric designation at the points where the busbars are connected. If non-insulated busbars are not accessible for inspection during the period when they are energized, then they may not be marked. At the same time, the level of safety and visibility when servicing the electrical installation should not be reduced.

1.1.31. When busbars are located “flat” or “edge-on” in switchgears (except for complete prefabricated single-sided service cells (KSO) and complete switchgears (SGD) 6-10 kV, as well as factory-made panels 0,4-0,69 kV) The following conditions must be met:

1. In switchgears with a voltage of 6-220 kV with alternating three-phase current, prefabricated and bypass busbars, as well as all types of sectional busbars, should be located:

a) in a horizontal position:

one under the other: from top to bottom A-B-C;
one after another, obliquely or in a triangle: the most distant bus A, the middle one - B, the closest to the service corridor - C;

b) with a vertical arrangement (in one plane or in a triangle):

from left to right A-B-C or the most distant bus A, the middle one - B, the closest to the service corridor - C;

c) branches from busbars, if you look at the busbars from the service corridor (if there are three corridors - from the central one):

with a horizontal arrangement: from left to right A-B-C;
with a vertical arrangement (in one plane or in a triangle): from top to bottom A-B-C.

2. In five- and four-wire three-phase alternating current circuits in electrical installations with voltages up to 1 kV, the arrangement of busbars should be as follows:

when placed horizontally:
one under the other: from top to bottom ABCN-PE (PEN);
one after another: the most distant bus A, then the BCN phases, the closest to the service corridor - PE (PEN);
with a vertical arrangement: from left to right ABCN-PE (PEN) or the most distant bus A, then the BCN phases closest to the service corridor - PE (PEN);
branches from busbars, if you look at the busbars from the service corridor:
horizontal: from left to right ABCN-PE (PEN)'
for vertical arrangement: ABCN-PE (PEN) from top to bottom.

3. With direct current, the busbars should be located:

busbars in a vertical arrangement: top M, middle (-), bottom (+);
busbars in horizontal arrangement:
the most distant M, middle (-) and closest (+), when looking at the tires from the service corridor;
branches from busbars: left busbar M, middle (-), right (+), if you look at the busbars from the service corridor.

In some cases, deviations from the requirements given in paragraphs are allowed. 1-3, if their implementation is associated with a significant complication of electrical installations (for example, it necessitates the installation of special supports near the substation for the transposition of overhead power line wires) or if two or more transformation stages are used at the substation.

1.1.32. Electrical installations, according to electrical safety conditions, are divided into electrical installations with voltage up to 1 kV and electrical installations with voltage above 1 kV (according to the effective voltage value).

The safety of operating personnel and unauthorized persons must be ensured by implementing the protective measures provided for in Chapter. 1.7, as well as the following activities:

maintaining appropriate distances to live parts or by closing or fencing live parts;
use of device locking and fencing devices to prevent erroneous operations and access to live parts;
the use of warning signals, inscriptions and posters;
the use of devices to reduce the strength of electric and magnetic fields to acceptable values;
the use of protective equipment and devices, including for protection from the effects of electric and magnetic fields in electrical installations in which their intensity exceeds permissible standards.

1.1.33. In electrical premises with installations with voltages up to 1 kV, the use of non-insulated and insulated live parts without contact protection is allowed, if, according to local conditions, such protection is not necessary for any other purposes (for example, for protection from mechanical influences). In this case, parts accessible to touch must be located so that normal maintenance does not involve the danger of touching them.

1.1.34. In residential, public and other premises, devices for fencing and closing live parts must be solid; in areas accessible only to qualified personnel, these devices can be solid, mesh or perforated.

Fencing and closing devices must be made in such a way that they can only be removed or opened using keys or tools.

1.1.35. All enclosing and closing devices must have the required (depending on local conditions) mechanical strength. At voltages above 1 kV, the thickness of metal enclosing and closing devices must be at least 1 mm.

1.1.36. To protect operating personnel from electric shock, from the action of an electric arc, etc., all electrical installations must be equipped with protective equipment, as well as first aid equipment in accordance with the current rules for the use and testing of protective equipment used in electrical installations.

1.1.37. Fire and explosion safety of electrical installations must be ensured by meeting the requirements given in the relevant chapters of these Rules.

Upon commissioning, electrical installations must be equipped with fire-fighting equipment and equipment in accordance with current regulations.

1.1.38. Newly constructed and reconstructed electrical installations and electrical equipment installed in them must be subjected to acceptance tests.

1.1.39. Newly constructed and reconstructed electrical installations are put into commercial operation only after they have been accepted in accordance with the current regulations.

See other articles Section Rules for the installation of electrical installations (PUE).

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