What is nitinol and why is it remarkable? Detailed answer

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What is nitinol and why is it remarkable? Detailed answer

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What is nitinol and why is it remarkable?

Nitinol is an alloy of titanium (55 percent) and nickel (45 percent).

The most remarkable property of nitinol is its inherent "memory effect". If products made of nitinol are given a certain shape at a certain temperature, and then this shape is changed, then when they return to the critical temperature, they "remember" and restore the given configuration. In addition, nitinol has high corrosion and erosion resistance.

These properties of nitinol determine the wide prospects for its application in various fields of technology (and not only technology). Nitinol is used to make so-called cava filters used in vascular surgery to prevent pulmonary embolism.

A few years ago, the Italian haute couture firm Corpo Novo created a men's shirt made from a fabric with 5 thin wire of nitinol for every 1 nylon fibers. If you roll up the sleeves of this shirt and heat it, say, to 35 degrees Celsius, and then cool it and lower the sleeves, then when this temperature is reached again, the sleeves will roll up themselves.

In the same way, it is enough to iron this shirt once with an iron, for example, at a temperature of 50 degrees Celsius, and then you can crumple it as you like, but after heating (this time with a hair dryer) to this temperature, all the wrinkles on it will smooth out themselves.

Author: Kondrashov A.P.

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Have you ever wondered why they are called "postage stamps"? To answer this question, we need to go back to the old days, when parcels and letters were carried across the country by relay. Stations where one messenger passed mail to the next were called "posts" ("post"). Accordingly, the English word "postage" meant the postal service.

The word "stamp" (English "stamp" - print) comes from the way the letters were sealed. Wax was dripped onto the letter and, before it had time to harden, they made an impression of a seal or a ring on it. This established the identity of the sender of the letter.

The idea of using stamps for the delivery of correspondence was first proposed in the 30s by the Englishman Roland Hill. He believed that with the introduction of stamps, the volume of postal correspondence would increase sharply, which means that the income of the state would increase. He also proposed big innovations related to the price of sending letters.

Until that time, the price of sending a letter depended on the number of sheets in the letter and the distance to which it was sent. The further the letter went, the higher was the price of its forwarding for each sheet. Hill proposed a standard mailing rate based on weight alone. The distance it traveled was not to be taken into account.

The first country to use postage stamps in 1840 was Great Britain. From here, this idea spread very quickly to other countries, in particular Switzerland, where postage stamps were introduced in Zurich and Geneva. The country that did this first in the Western Hemisphere was not the United States, but Brazil! There, stamps were issued in 1843, and the United States followed suit in 1847. In fact, however, some local postmasters and private American letter forwarders issued their own stamps from 1842 until the government took over this function.

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