Why does ice float? Detailed answer

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Why does ice float? Detailed answer

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Why does ice float?

Ice floats because, unlike most other substances, the crystallization of which is accompanied by an increase in density, when water freezes, it expands abruptly (its density drops abruptly).

The reason for this phenomenon, physicists say, is the peculiarities of the structure of ice and water. Water molecules, consisting of one oxygen atom and two hydrogen atoms, look like balls with bulges. In an ice crystal, they are arranged in such a way that the bulges (corresponding to hydrogen atoms) are oriented strictly in the direction of two neighboring molecules. As a result, a three-dimensional crystal lattice appears, consisting of almost ideal tetrahedra. Each molecule at its vertices is surrounded by four others.

Water does not have such an ordered structure; the arrangement of its molecules changes all the time. But at any moment each water molecule is surrounded by 4-5 "neighbors", so their average number is 4,4. This means that water molecules in a liquid are closer together than in a crystal, and therefore water is denser than ice.

Author: Kondrashov A.P.

Random interesting fact from the Great Encyclopedia:

What drink did the Germans invent, having lost the supply of ingredients for Coca-Cola?

At the beginning of World War II, the German Coca-Cola bottling factory lost its supply of ingredients from the United States. Then the Germans decided to produce another drink from food waste - apple pomace and whey - and called it "Fanta" (short for the word "fantasy"). The director of this plant, Max Keith, was not a Nazi, so the common belief that the Nazis invented Fanta is a delusion. After the war, Keith contacted the parent company, Coca-Cola regained ownership of the factory and did not abandon the new drink, which had already gained popularity.

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Random news from the Archive

Budget tracker with Bluetooth for monitoring children 28.10.2014

A startup project from South Korea has appeared on the crowdfunding platform Indiegogo, which offers a Lineable bracelet to track the location of children. Developers offer a gadget for only $ 5.

The device is a beacon in the form of a bracelet worn on the arm. The beacon uses low-energy Bluetooth to communicate with an iOS or Android smartphone.

It is reported that the device has modifications of three different sizes. The beacon is completely waterproof. The control unit of the device is in a shell made of and sealed with silicone. The battery is enough for 1 year of work.

If the child goes beyond certain limits, the application starts to give an alarm. In addition, each smartphone running the Lineable app transmits to the cloud system information about the location of the same bracelets found nearby. The transfer of information is carried out anonymously, and it is received by specific parents.

The new product is expected to go on sale in February 2015. After that, the team is going to start releasing products using the same technology, but for a slightly different purpose: product finders, pet collars, etc.

Previously, the minimum price for this type of device with low energy Bluetooth was about $20 (TrackR, Tile, etc.). It's surprising that at $5 a device, a company can be profitable without pervasive distribution networks and huge sales volumes.

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