The immunity of bats to transmitted viruses is explained. Free Technical Library News

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Bats' immunity to transmissible viruses explained

02.11.2020

Bats may be reservoirs for many zoonotic viruses, including SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV, Ebola, and most likely SARS-CoV-2. However, the molecular mechanisms by which bats can safely carry human-lethal pathogens have not yet been clear.

Scientists at Duke Noos Medical School in Singapore seem to have found a solution to this puzzle. Researchers have discovered unique strategies in animals to prevent the development of hyperimmune reactions. These strategies protect animals from disease caused by zoonotic viruses.

Biologists analyzed three species of bats - Pteropus alecto, Eonycteris spelaea (cave nectar bat) and Myotis davidii (steppe bat). As a result, researchers have identified mechanisms that reduce the activity of key proteins of the immune system responsible for the development of inflammatory reactions and the immune response. These mechanisms allow bats to carry zoonotic pathogens without harm to their own health and to transmit viruses to other species.

One of the defense mechanisms of the organism of mice is a decrease in the level of caspase-1. This protein triggers a key inflammatory cytokine protein, interleukin-1 beta (IL-1beta). Another mechanism they use inhibits IL-1beta cytokine synthesis through a delicate balance between caspase-1 and IL-1beta levels.

According to the researchers, the suppression of hyperimmune reactions increases life expectancy and prevents age-related degenerative changes in humans. The discovery will help develop new therapeutic strategies to treat human infectious diseases and prevent viral infections.

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