Who and how first showed that air has weight? Detailed answer

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Who and how first showed that air has weight? Detailed answer

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Who and how first showed that air has weight?

The first to do this was the great Italian physicist, mechanic and astronomer Galileo Galilei (1564-1642), and in two ways.

In the first, qualitative experiment, Galileo, having achieved by thermal rarefaction of air in a flask with a long neck, carefully closed with a cork, made sure that if this vessel was allowed to float in water, then it would sink less than if the air was not rarefied.

In other quantitative experiments, Galileo used a pump to pump excess air into a flask, in addition to that normally contained in it, and measure the increase in the weight of the flask. Using ingenious tricks, Galileo measured the volume of air pumped into the flask, and based on this result determined the ratio of the specific gravity of air to the specific gravity of water. He got a value of 1:400. If we compare this value with the true one (1:773) and take into account what means Galileo then had at his disposal, then the accuracy of his measurements seems remarkable.

Author: Kondrashov A.P.

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What is daltonism?

All colors can be derived from the three primary colors: red, green, purple, or yellow, blue, and red. So, for example, the whole variety of colors of the plant world is obtained by various combinations of special granules with a pigment of only three colors: red, blue and yellow.

Thanks to the cells of the retina that are sensitive to red, green and violet light, our eyes are able to perceive the colors of the nature around us.

What happens when a person either does not perceive colors at all, or sees them in a completely different way than most? This phenomenon is called color blindness. Certain light rays, falling on the retina, do not cause in it the reaction that is characteristic of a normal eye.

Let's say a beam of red light stimulates cells that are sensitive not only to this color, but also to green.

The green beam affects the eye in exactly the same way, stimulating both the "red" and "green" parts of the retina. What does a person see when this happens? He does not distinguish between red and green, but instead sees yellow-gray. After all, when you mix red and green, you get just such a color.

But such people distinguish between blue, yellow and purple. But they can distinguish red from green only by a shade of yellow-gray.

There are people with slight deviations in the perception of colors, but they may not even be aware of it.

A colorblind person can learn at an early age to distinguish red from green, even if he sees both of these colors as yellow-gray. He does this not by color, like people with normal vision, but by tone and brightness.

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