Is it good to force exercise? Detailed answer

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Is it good to force exercise? Detailed answer

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Is it good to force exercise?

American physiologists argue that exercise is only good for health if it is done voluntarily.

In support of this statement, they cite the following experimental result: in mice that were forced to run in a wheel, immunity was significantly weakened, and in mice that ran in a wheel no less, but of their own free will, immunity increased.

Author: Kondrashov A.P.

Random interesting fact from the Great Encyclopedia:

What photographer's name was originally the movie character's name?

In the Russian language there are many common nouns that were formed from the names of literary characters: Robinson, Gavroche, Don Juan, Don Quixote, Lovelace. In this row, you can put the word "paparazzi", which happened already in the 20th century from a movie character. Paparazzo was the name of the pesky photographer from Federico Fellini's La Dolce Vita. After the release of the picture, the word stuck to all the photographers chasing celebrities.

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Batteries with solid Li-S electrolyte are 4 times better than Li-ion batteries 13.06.2013

Researchers at Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) have developed a promising new battery design based on a solid electrolyte containing lithium and sulfur (Li-S). These batteries are cheaper to manufacture and have a higher stored energy density than traditional lithium-ion batteries. Due to the use of solid electrolyte, Li-S batteries are more durable and much safer to use than liquid electrolyte batteries.

Li-S batteries are considered by some experts as the successor to lithium-ion batteries. They are extremely light, which makes them suitable for solar-powered flights, they are cheap to manufacture, quite durable and show a high energy density index. But, unfortunately, this technology is still quite "raw" and its main problem is the problem of a suitable electrolyte, the optimal composition of which has not yet been found.

In previous attempts to create Li-S batteries, researchers used liquid electrolytes. But the use of liquid electrolyte is a coin with two sides, on the one hand, the liquid filled with ions is an excellent conductor of electric current, but on the other hand, the liquid electrolyte degrades over time and with an increase in the number of charge-discharge cycles, which leads to premature battery failure. building. In addition, some liquid electrolytes are flammable, which is a problem in battery operation.

But now, according to the researchers, they have managed to find a solution to the above problems, which was the composition of the solid electrolyte, the basis of which was the combination of lithium and polysulfide phosphates - sulfur-rich materials with high electrical conductivity. "Our solid Li-S technology eliminates most of the disadvantages of wet batteries," says Dr. Chengdu Liang. "Prototype Li-S batteries can withstand without degradation a large number of cycles without losing capacity, like lithium-ion batteries."

Prototypes of Li-S-batteries after 300 charge / discharge cycles carried out at a temperature of 60 degrees Celsius retained a specific density of 1200 mAh / g. For comparison, Li-ion batteries are 140-170 mAh/g, but Li-S batteries produce half the voltage that Li-ion batteries produce. Therefore, an eightfold increase in energy density actually results in a fourfold increase in battery capacity.

The Li-S battery uses sulfur, which is obtained in large quantities as a by-product of oil refining. This will make it possible to use the developed technology as one of the ways to dispose of industrial waste that accumulates in large quantities. Currently, a new technology for the production of Li-S batteries is in a form that is not very suitable for its practical implementation. But Dr. Liang and his group have filed a patent application and, once the patent is filed, they plan to develop the technology to the required level, which will allow them to mass-produce new batteries.

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