How are Mendel's laws used in paternity tests? Detailed answer

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How are Mendel's laws used in paternity tests? Detailed answer

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How are Mendel's laws used in paternity tests?

Geneticists have established that all four blood groups are inherited in full accordance with the laws of Mendel.

Apparently, there are three alleles (possible structural states of the gene) responsible for blood belonging to groups 0, A and B. If the blood of both parents belongs to group 0, then all their children will be owners of blood group 0. If one of parents have blood type A, and the other has 0, then the children will have blood type A, since the group A allele dominates the 0 allele. In the same way, the B allele dominates the 0 allele. But alleles A and B cannot dominate one over the other, therefore, parents with these blood groups (B and B) will have children with the AB group.

Mendel's laws are so precise that blood typing is used as a paternity test. If the mother has blood type 0, and the child has B, then the father must have blood type B, since the alleles B in the genotype (set of genes) of the child are nowhere else to come from. If the husband of this woman had a blood type 0 or A, then this means that either the woman was unfaithful to her husband, or the child was replaced in the maternity hospital. If a woman has blood type 0, and a child has B, and this woman demands to recognize a man whose blood belongs to group 0 or A as the father of her child, then this means that her demands are completely unfounded: she is either frankly lying or confusing something .

Of course, this test is imperfect: with its help, in the case of a negative result, it is only possible to exclude paternity, but it is impossible to prove the fact of paternity in the case of a positive result. Even if the woman's husband, or the man she's making demands on, has blood type B, that doesn't prove anything: any man with blood type B or AB can be the father of the child.

Author: Kondrashov A.P.

Random interesting fact from the Great Encyclopedia:

How did the Moscow Textile Academy come about?

In May 1899, Emperor Nicholas II approved the decision of the State Council to establish a spinning and weaving school in Moscow. The idea of its creation originated in the Department of Trade under the Ministry of Finance. The school was supposed to promote the development of the manufacturing industry in Russia.

The industry needed qualified personnel, so the well-known owners of textile manufactories - the Prokhorovs, Morozovs, Ryabushinskys, Demidovs, Gubners and many other of their brethren allocated 128 thousand rubles for the future school. Textile associations and manufactories also provided the best samples of their fabrics, which the students used as methodological and educational material.

In 1918, the spinning and weaving school was merged with the vocational school, created at one time by the merchants Soldatenkovs, and the new educational institution was called a technical school. The following year, the technical school was renamed the Moscow Practical Textile Institute, which was later called the Academy.

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