What is El Niño? Detailed answer

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What is El Niño? Detailed answer

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What is El Nino?

El Niño is one of the catastrophic natural phenomena accompanied by numerous human casualties and colossal material losses.

El Niño means "baby boy" in Spanish. This "baby" is a warm seasonal low-salinity surface water current in the eastern Pacific Ocean. It is named so because it usually takes place in late December - early January and often falls on Christmas.

El Nino causes a real disaster: off the coast of Ecuador and Peru, the water temperature rises sharply (by 7-12 degrees), as a result of which the fish (anchovy) either die or leave the coastal waters. The absence of fish leads to high mortality of seabirds that feed on it. This, in turn, reduces the amount of guano - bird droppings used as fertilizer and which, along with fishery products, is one of the most significant national wealth of Peru. In addition, El Niño causes prolonged torrential rains leading to devastating flooding along the normally dry coast.

The intensity, scale and duration of El Niño can vary significantly. For example, in 1982-1983, during the period of the most intense El Niño in 130 years, this phenomenon began in September 1982 and continued until August 1983. At the same time, the maximum temperature of the ocean surface in the coastal cities of Peru from Talara to Callao exceeded the long-term averages for November-July by 8-10 degrees.

More than 2 people died from floods and other natural disasters, and material losses amounted to more than 13 billion US dollars.

Author: Kondrashov A.P.

Random interesting fact from the Great Encyclopedia:

What determines hair color?

Human hair has a very interesting structure. It develops from the top layer of the skin, which is made up of squamous cells, and first grows inwards, takes root there, and then works its way up through the layers of the skin. The hair, like the epidermis of which it is derived, has cells that make up the "soil" from which it grows, and a stem that is nourished by this "soil" and pushed up by it. Among the other cells surrounding the hair root are those that contain a coloring pigment called melanin. These cells, like others, divide and are pushed up along with the growing hair itself. They die, leaving melanin granules in the hair.

These granules can be of various shades of brown: from reddish to black-brown. The cells of the keratinized epidermis, from which the hair shaft is formed, are yellow. This color and the color of the pigment granules are mixed, and thus a certain hair color is obtained - from light to black. Our genes, inherited from our parents, determine the color of our pigment granules, and with it the color of our hair. On average, a person has from 300 to 000 hairs.

Blondes have thinner hair and more of it. In brunettes, they are coarser, and there are fewer of them. And redheads have the coarsest hair, but there is less of it than blondes and brunettes. Your hair grows about 13 millimeters in a month. And the rate at which they grow is not the same at different times of the day.

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