Who was the first to discover the planet Neptune and who got the fame of its discovery? Detailed answer

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Who was the first to discover the planet Neptune and who got the fame of its discovery? Detailed answer

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Who was the first to discover the planet Neptune and who got the fame of its discovery?

In 1821, a discrepancy between the observed parameters of the orbit of Uranus and those calculated according to Newton's laws was discovered.

The hypothesis that this anomaly is associated with the impact on Uranus of some more distant planet has become widespread. Calculations of the elements of the orbit of an unknown planet were energetically taken up (completely independently of each other) by the Englishman John Couch Adams (1819-1892), who taught mathematics and astronomy at Cambridge, and the Frenchman Urbain Le Verrier (1811-1877), who worked at the Department of Celestial Mechanics at the University of Paris.

Each of them successfully coped with the task and determined not only the elements of the orbit, but also the location of the eighth planet. Adams was the first to do this and took his report (with the calculation and its theoretical justification) to the royal astronomer Erie. The Astronomer Royal was busy and did not see Adams. A week later, Adams called on Eri again, but he was busy again. Then Adams left his report with Erie and did not come to see him again. This was in September 1845.

There was a university observatory in Cambridge, but with a weak instrument. Its director, Challis, at the request of Adams, examined the region of the sky indicated to him, observed the desired planet several times, but mistook it for a fixed star. On this, Adams, who had a modest and, one might even say, timid character, stopped any attempts to prove his case. Le Verrier completed his work on determining the location of the eighth planet a year after Adams and in August 1846 presented his work at a meeting of the Paris Academy of Sciences. He was praised for his mathematical prowess, but no one bothered to check his result with observations (perhaps because there was not a strong enough instrument in Paris). Then Le Verrier turned to the Berlin astronomer Johann Galle.

Having received a letter from a colleague in September 1846, Galle directed the telescope in the indicated direction and within an hour discovered the planet he was looking for. As soon as Halle announced the eighth planet, Erie urgently published Adams's report, but it was too late - the glory of the discovery remained with Le Verrier. Thus, the decisive role in the question of the authorship of the discovery of Neptune was played by the firm and energetic character of Le Verrier. By the way, later becoming director of the Paris Observatory, Le Verrier constantly clashed with the staff. He constantly provoked them to complain to the Minister of War (as the chief head of the Geodetic Directorate). The minister said in this connection: "The observatory is impossible without Le Verrier, and Le Verrier is even more impossible in the observatory."

Author: Kondrashov A.P.

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