Classic set of light sources. video art

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Classic set of light sources

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In studios, the number of lighting devices can reach a dozen, on the set the situation with lighting is much more complicated, so lighting technicians will definitely be required.

In amateur practice, not all of the following are easy to use alone, so in cases where it is impossible to do with one light source, it is advisable to take a light assistant. The most difficult thing is the illumination of moving objects.

The main light sources provide the minimum necessary conditions for shooting. These include the main (drawing) light and additional lighting.

Main (key, drawing) light designed to draw the general shape of an object. When shooting outdoors, the source may be the sun. The light is direct, the most intense. For the usual and longest shooting, the key light should be directed to the front of the object (the face of the hero) from above and to the side (preferably on the left) at azimuth and altitude angles equal to 45 ± 15 °. At a different position of the sun, it is not advisable to shoot people with a scale larger than the general plan.

Additional light sources are used to illuminate the shadow areas of the scene, that is, to reduce the contrast of the image. When simulating natural lighting, their spectral composition can be slightly shifted to cold tones - towards the color of the blue sky. Additional light sources include fill, fill, background, and reflected light.

fill light, uniform and diffuse, comes from the side of the camera parallel to the optical axis, serves to highlight the shadows cast by the details of the object on its surface. It can be light reflected from large light screens, such as from a wall. At short distances, the fill light source will be an illumination lamp with a suitable spectral response built into the camera. The light intensity is chosen such that the image contrast is obtained within 2-4 exposure steps.

Leveling light, diffused or directed-scattered, directed to the front surface of the object from above at an angle of 30-60° and from the side of the shadow (opposite to the main lighting) side at an angle of 0-60°, used as an addition to fill light. The source of the equalizing light can be clouds or the ceiling and part of the wall.

Background light illuminates the background, giving the scene depth. In large rooms, in order to avoid reverse tonal perspective, the use of additional background lighting is mandatory. The source of background light in nature can be the sky. When shooting people, the brightness of the background should be made higher than the brightness of the shadows on the face, but lower than the brightness of its illuminated part.

Reflex (reflected from snow, sand, ceiling, walls, etc.) light takes on color. It softens the shadows on the convex or flat parts of the object, allows you to further emphasize the volume of the object and convey the features of the environment. By imitating the corresponding color reflections with the help of a computer, it is possible to adjust archival footage to the color of the current situation.

Auxiliary light sources give the frame a special expressiveness and mood. The use of specific lighting causes certain difficulties, therefore, instead of modeling light and lighting effects, it is easier to use a suitable video filter already at the stage of computer editing.

modeling light, creating "reflexes" and highlights on the soft parts of the object ("bunnies" on dark hair, black details of clothing), emphasizes the shape of the object. Modeling light is directed in a narrow beam to the shaded front side of the object from below and from the side. Mirror surfaces can be used instead of active sources.

Light effects in the form of bright highlights or moving shadows of various colors and brightness allow you to simulate the light from a candle or a burning match, sunbeams from swaying water, etc. This simulation gives a better result than shooting in low natural light, when noise inevitably appears in the form of "snow". Effects are created using spotlights, moving mirrors and colored masks.

Oncoming light (backlight) is designed to create a bright contour line or halo around an object by highlighting it from behind and below. The thickness of the halo depends on the choice of exposure and the position of the light source. The slower the shutter speed and aperture, the thinner the light border will turn out. The source itself must be positioned at such an angle that its light does not hit the lens directly. The back light should exceed the main light in intensity, its redundancy is compensated by an increase in side light. Back lighting is quite possible when shooting limited moving objects.

For shooting in backlight, it is good to use a lens hood (visor attachment). It will remove uninformative frame illumination - a veil and light vertical stripes, and increase color saturation. A hood is especially necessary when using a wide-angle lens attachment.

Publication: video-lighting-notes.blogspot.com

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