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BOOKS AND ARTICLES
FORGIVE RULES
Books and articles / And then came the inventor
Perhaps the most important and most annoying mistake of novice inventors is the desire to achieve results, regardless of any losses. Let's take at least problem 33 - about a cylinder with liquefied gas. It is not difficult to measure the remaining liquid if the cylinder is weighed from time to time. But it's hard, expensive (you need scales), uncomfortable! A good solution should look different: the cylinder itself signals that there is little liquefied gas left. Look at the drawing. The bottom of the cylinder is made beveled, and a weight is fixed on the bevel. As long as there is a lot of liquid, the weight of the weight does not prevent the cylinder from standing upright. And when there is little liquid left, the weight will outweigh, and the balloon will sharply tilt to the right. Please note: the result is achieved with virtually no cost. Even the bottle can not be changed. It is enough to put a wooden or metal stand with a weight on the lower part of the body - and an ordinary cylinder will become a "talking" one. French inventors who first thought of this were issued a USSR patent No. 456 403.
Problem 65. HOW TO HELP THE WORKERS? You must have seen how workers move a heavy rail. Several people pry the rail with crowbars and turn it over on command. Then they hook it up again and turn it over. The work is hard and dangerous: if a worker gapes, the rail can snatch the crowbar out of his hands ... Here is the task: how to help the workers?
Let's use simple rules for working with tasks. Rule one: When starting to solve, first figure out why the problem arose. Indeed, why is it difficult to move the rail? Because of the weight? But after all, a pipe of the same weight would easily roll with even a little effort. So, the whole point is that the rail does not know how to roll. Second Rule: state the contradiction. The rail should be round, then it will move easily. And the rail must remain "rail-like", because we need a rail, not a pipe. Fantasy is already needed here, because we put forward an "incredible" requirement: the rail must remain a rail and at the same time roll easily like a pipe. Third Rule: imagine an ideal (magical, fabulous) solution. Here you need to turn on the fantasy at full capacity! The ideal solution looks like this: while moving, the rail easily (as if by magic!) acquires the ability to roll. If you "rush" to the solution, regardless of losses, the answer is simple: put two wheels on the rail - and that's it! But in order to put on the wheels, you have to lift the rail, and this will require a special lifting device. Once again and again: only those solutions are good that allow you to get results without complicating the system, without expensive fees. Engineer V.P. Bogaenko received an author's certificate No. 742 514 for an extremely simple solution: four magnetic semicircular inserts (two on each side of the rail) temporarily round the rail (see figure), allowing it to be easily rolled. Inserts can be quickly put on, quickly removed.
And now - two tasks for applying the rules. Problem 66 In one laboratory, drinking water was tested to see if there were many bacteria in it. To do this, they took a metal plate pierced by many of the finest pores, lowered it into water, took out and applied a blotting paper on one side. The blotter sucked water out through the pores, and only bacteria remained on the other side of the plate: they did not crawl into the pores. Using a microscope, this side of the plate was carefully examined and the number of bacteria was counted. The lab usually did 10 tests a day. One experienced laboratory assistant coped with the work. Once the task was changed: every day it was necessary to "catch" bacteria on 500 plates... - The check is going slowly, - said the senior researcher. - The plate has to be divided into a hundred lines and then the microscope must be moved along each line. Need to do without a microscope! How about without a microscope? - the junior researcher was surprised. - Now, if bacteria were the size of a dime... Everyone laughed.
And then an inventor appeared. "Let's talk according to the rules," he said. - Rule one: first figure out why the task arose. Well, here we figured it out: bacteria are small, you have to look for them with a microscope, and this is slow. Rule two: state the contradiction. Please! Bacteria should be small, invisible - they are by nature. And the bacteria must be larger to be visible to the naked eye. Rule Three: Imagine the perfect solution. Here it is: while the bacterium is in the water, it is small, and when it hits the plate, it increases. - Thank you, - said the head of the laboratory. “Now we can do it easily. When solving this problem, remember: no optical devices (projectors, screens, etc.) give the desired effect. Something simpler is needed...
The answer can be checked by looking at the magazine "Inventor and Innovator", 1981, p. 30. Problem 67. LUBRICATION WITH A SECRET At a pipe-rolling plant, a ten-meter-long pipe is produced from a hot steel billet. Freshly made pipe - still hot! - it is necessary to cover the inside with a layer of lubricant (layer thickness - several millimeters). How to do it? At first glance, the task seems simple. You can, for example, use a "carriage" that will pass inside the pipe and apply a layer of lubricant. Unfortunately, this solution is far from ideal: the pace of pipe manufacturing is slowing down, and a rather complicated machine - a "carriage" - will be required. Twelve engineers recently received a patent for an ingenious invention that quickly and accurately applies grease to the inside of hot ("freshly made") pipes. Let's compete with this team! Let's first think about why the problem arose. There is nothing difficult to cover with a layer of lubricant smooth Metal sheet. But the inner surface of the pipe (and even heated!) Is very inconvenient for lubrication. Hence the contradiction - it is necessary to lubricate an even sheet: it is much easier. And you need to lubricate the pipe: we don’t have an even sheet! The ideal solution: we lubricate something flat (not the workpiece and not the pipe). And then this "something" transfers its lubrication to the pipe... and disappears. The rules indicated the general direction of the decision, the rest depends on your ingenuity. Remember, you need a method that is close to ideal: the whole trick is that the lubricant is applied to a "foreign" flat surface. The pipe is still being manufactured, and the lubricant for it is already applied to the sheet! It remains to somehow transfer the lubricant from the sheet to the inner surface of the finished pipe. This must be done in such a way that the “substance-carrier”, having fulfilled its function, instantly disappears without giving us any extra trouble (remember tasks 5 and 15). If you want to check the answer, take a look at Bulletin of Inventions, No. 6, 1981 (Copyright No. 804 038).
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