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Winged words, phraseological units. Meaning, history of origin, examples of use
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Not in the eyebrow, but in the eye
Muscovy
Phraseologism: Not in the eyebrow, but in the eye.
Meaning: About the correct, well-aimed statement or impeccable performance of something.
Origin: Motivated by the notion of marksmanship. There is a legend according to which one Cossack promised Tsar Ivan the Terrible to hit the enemy in the eye, but the shot was inaccurate and hit the eyebrow. Despite this, the tsar rewarded the Cossack and his family.
Random phraseology:
Earth and water.
Meaning:
Ultimatum, demands to obey.
Origin:
According to the observations of the historian Herodotus, an ultimatum presented by the Persian authorities to all cities and consisting in the demand for complete submission. The demand for land and water in relation to the enemy meant that the enemy had not only to lay down their arms and surrender, but also to give the Persians ownership of all the land and everything that is produced on it, the Persians received absolute power over all the inhabitants of the conquered lands, and the lives of subjects now came under the control of the Persians. In the course of further negotiations, the Persians determined what rights would go to the conquered. Even in modern Greek, "earth and water" is synonymous with total submission. |
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Random news from the Archive Generation of stable femtosecond pulses
28.12.2013
The development of electronics and communications requires a hardware base that is highly accurate, economical and productive. For communications and GPS navigation satellites, it is especially important to reduce payload mass and improve signal stability.
Scientists from Moscow State University (MSU), together with their colleagues from Switzerland, are actively conducting research that will bring us closer to solving this problem, and will also prove useful in many other areas.
Recently, a publication appeared in the journal Nature Photonics, which describes the new achievements of this group of scientists. In particular, one of the authors of the article, Mikhail Gorodetsky, noted that the work includes at least three important results: scientists have discovered a technique for generating stable femtosecond pulses, the so-called "optical ridges" and microwave signals.
The physicists used a microresonator (in this particular case, a millimeter-scale magnesium-fluorite disk) to convert continuous laser radiation into periodic ultrashort pulses. The scope of these lasers ranges from the study of chemical reactions at ultrashort time intervals, and to eye surgery.
As Mr. Gorodetsky noted, traditional femtosecond mode-locked lasers use the most complex optical devices, a special transmission medium and micromirrors. The new invention makes it possible to obtain stable pulses (solitons) using only one passive optical resonator, or rather, its own non-linearity. In the future, this will make it possible to reduce the overall dimensions of devices of this type by an order of magnitude.
Pulses with a duration of 100–200 femtoseconds have been obtained in the laboratory, but the authors are confident that much shorter solitons can also be generated. The researchers suggest that their discovery will allow designing a new generation of compact, stable and cheap optical pulse generators that can operate in modes that are unattainable for devices using other technologies. At the same time, scientists have shown the possibility of generating signals with a very low noise level. Such microwave generators are especially important for metrological applications, radar, telecommunications equipment, including satellite communications, as well as broadband spectroscopy, telecommunications, and astronomy.
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