Technique, industry, architecture - Lenses. Crosswordist's Handbook

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Engineering, industry, architecture / Devices and tools / Lenses

(7)

APLANAT

AKHROMAT

(8)

LENS

ANAMORPHOT

ANACHROMATE

APOCHROMATE

(10)

ANASTIGMAT

(12)

TELE LENS

ZOOM

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Latest news of science and technology, new electronics:

Machine for thinning flowers in gardens 02.05.2024

In modern agriculture, technological progress is developing aimed at increasing the efficiency of plant care processes. The innovative Florix flower thinning machine was presented in Italy, designed to optimize the harvesting stage. This tool is equipped with mobile arms, allowing it to be easily adapted to the needs of the garden. The operator can adjust the speed of the thin wires by controlling them from the tractor cab using a joystick. This approach significantly increases the efficiency of the flower thinning process, providing the possibility of individual adjustment to the specific conditions of the garden, as well as the variety and type of fruit grown in it. After testing the Florix machine for two years on various types of fruit, the results were very encouraging. Farmers such as Filiberto Montanari, who has used a Florix machine for several years, have reported a significant reduction in the time and labor required to thin flowers. ... >>

Advanced Infrared Microscope 02.05.2024

Microscopes play an important role in scientific research, allowing scientists to delve into structures and processes invisible to the eye. However, various microscopy methods have their limitations, and among them was the limitation of resolution when using the infrared range. But the latest achievements of Japanese researchers from the University of Tokyo open up new prospects for studying the microworld. Scientists from the University of Tokyo have unveiled a new microscope that will revolutionize the capabilities of infrared microscopy. This advanced instrument allows you to see the internal structures of living bacteria with amazing clarity on the nanometer scale. Typically, mid-infrared microscopes are limited by low resolution, but the latest development from Japanese researchers overcomes these limitations. According to scientists, the developed microscope allows creating images with a resolution of up to 120 nanometers, which is 30 times higher than the resolution of traditional microscopes. ... >>

Air trap for insects 01.05.2024

Agriculture is one of the key sectors of the economy, and pest control is an integral part of this process. A team of scientists from the Indian Council of Agricultural Research-Central Potato Research Institute (ICAR-CPRI), Shimla, has come up with an innovative solution to this problem - a wind-powered insect air trap. This device addresses the shortcomings of traditional pest control methods by providing real-time insect population data. The trap is powered entirely by wind energy, making it an environmentally friendly solution that requires no power. Its unique design allows monitoring of both harmful and beneficial insects, providing a complete overview of the population in any agricultural area. “By assessing target pests at the right time, we can take necessary measures to control both pests and diseases,” says Kapil ... >>

Random news from the Archive

A window that produces electricity and heat energy 24.06.2022

Scientists at the Hong Kong University of Science and Technology have developed a dual-band selective solar energy harvesting (SSH) window based on transparent photovoltaic cells (TPV) and transparent solar absorbers (TSA). TSAs are used to convert ultraviolet (UV) or near infrared (NIR) light into thermal energy.

The collected thermal energy is extracted by ventilated air to provide space heating in the cold season or to reduce the load on the cooling of the premises in the heat. The SSH window has an apparent transmittance of 42%, a solar conversion efficiency of 0,75%, and a solar conversion efficiency of 24% with a 10°C increase in ventilated air temperature.

The research team used a luminescent solar concentrator (TPV) based on copper, indium and zinc sulfide (CuInS2/ZnS) quantum dots (QDs) as the outer window. It is able to collect ultraviolet light and transmit it to opaque photovoltaic devices located on the edge of a transparent substrate to generate electricity. TSA was used to make the inside of the window where heat is produced and collected.

The scientists made a 30 x 30 x 2,4 cm prototype by assembling TPV elements with TSA on the inside. They claim that the device showed significant visible transmittance and that it could generate 6 watts per square meter and a thermal output of about 150 watts per square meter.

The heat output is 25 times greater than the electricity produced, which means that heat harvesting is of paramount importance for building-integrated solar energy harvesting windows. When collecting thermal energy through ventilation, the total useful efficiency is estimated at more than 30% under typical operating conditions for space heating in buildings.

An SSH window can save up to 61,5% annual heating, ventilation and air conditioning (HVAC) energy consumption compared to conventional glass, in addition to generating electricity of up to 19,1% annual energy savings.

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