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Crosswordist's Handbook

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Science, education, medicine / Units of measurement, measures, calendars / Volume units

(3)

BAT - measure of liquid, 108-140 gallons = 490,97-636,44 liters

PEK - a measure of loose bodies: 2 gallons \u8,81d 7,7 liters (England), XNUMX liters (USA)

ROD - 28,3 m3

SAK - a measure of loose bodies: 3 bushels \u109,1d XNUMX liters

(4)

KORD - English measure of firewood, 128 cubic feet = 3,6 cubic meters

KOUM - a measure of loose bodies: 4 bushels = 145,5 liters (England), 141 liters (USA)

LAST - a measure of loose bodies, 1600-3200 l

LITER - 0,001 m3

MERA (Russia) - a measure of liquid and loose bodies: 1 quarter

PIPE - liquid measure: 105 gallons = 477,33 liters

POTL - 0,5 gallons = 2,27 liters

STACK - 3,04 m3

SHTOF (Russia) - measure of liquid: 10 cups = 1,23 l

(5)

BARREL (Russia) - liquid measure: 40 buckets = 491,96 liters

BUCKET (Russia) - 10 shtofs = 12,299 l

JILL - a measure of liquid: 0,25 pints = 0,142 liters (England), 0,118 liters (USA)

KOROB (Russia) - measure of firewood: 2,5 m x 1,4 m

MINIMUM - liquid measure: 0,06 ml

PINTA - a measure of liquid and bulk solids: 1/8 gallon = 0,57 l (England), 0,47 l and 0,551 l (USA)

GLASS - a measure of liquid: 2 ounces = 56,8 ml

ounce - a measure of liquid: 8 drachmas = 28,4 ml (England), 29,57 ml (USA)

FATOM (cubic) - 6 cubic feet

CHARKA (Russia) - liquid measure: 0,123 l

(6)

BUSHEL - a measure of loose bodies: 4 pitches = 8 gallons = 36,35 liters (England), 35,2 liters (USA)

GALLON - a measure of liquid and bulk solids: 4,546 liters (England), 3,785 (USA)

GARNETS (Russia) - a measure of loose bodies: 3,2798 l

DRAKHMA - liquid measure: 3,55 ml (England), 2,96 ml (USA)

QUARTA - a measure of liquid and bulk solids: 2 pints = 1 l (England), 14 l and 0,946 l (USA)

MUG (Russia, XVI-XVII centuries) - measure of liquid: 10 cups = 1,23 l

STRIKE - a measure of loose bodies: 2 bushels = 72,73 liters

FIRKIN - liquid measure: 8-9 gallons = 36,3-40,9 liters

SHKALIK (kosushka) - (Russia): 0,06 l

(7)

BARREL - measure of volume: 0,14-0,224 m3, measure of liquid: 31-42 gallons = 140,6-190,9 l, measure of loose bodies: 163, 6-181, 7 l (England), 117, 3-158 , 98 l

BOTTLE (Russia, XVIII - early XX century) - measure of liquid: 0 l (wine), 77 (vodka)

QUARTER - a measure of loose bodies: 8 bushels = 291 liters

KOSUSHKA - see Shkalik

OSMINA (Russia) - a measure of loose bodies: 4 quadrangles \u104,95d XNUMX l

HOGSHED - 238,67 l

CHELDRON - a measure of loose bodies: 1268-1309 l

(8)

DECALITER - 10 l

CUBIC METER

CHETVERIK (quarter) - (Russia, XVII - early XX century), a measure of loose bodies: 8 garnets \u26,24d XNUMX l

QUARTER - see Chetverik

(9)

HECTOLITRE - 100 l

KILDERKIN - liquid measure: 2 firkin = 72,7 = 81,8 l

MILLILITRE - 0,001 L

CENTILITER - 0,01 l

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Replace each unknown letter with *. For example, dog * ka, * oshka, we ** a. Pairs е - ё, and - й are equated.

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Approximately 635 million years ago, almost the entire Earth was bound by ice. This glaciation, known as the Proterozoic, occurred before the advent of life. It was it that led to the formation of the current climatic conditions: with a temperature comfortable for life and a high level of oxygen. Thanks to the Proterozoic glaciation, there was a real explosion in the development of living organisms in the late Cambrian period and, ultimately, man appeared.

Until now, scientists have not understood how the Earth, frozen to the tropics, thawed so quickly and restored the balance between the new atmosphere, hydrosphere and biosphere. To answer this question, scientists conducted a study of the sulfate mineral barite (BaSO4), which has been preserved in rocks since the Proterozoic glaciation. This mineral absorbs oxygen during growth and contains 3 stable oxygen isotopes: O-16, O-17 and O-18. In barite from the time of the Proterozoic glaciation, the isotope O-17 was less than expected. Scientists suggest that this is due to the very high content of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere.

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