Two piece squares. Effective trick and its solution

EFFECTIVE FOCUSES AND THEIR CLUES
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Two piece squares. Focus Secret

Spectacular tricks and their clues

Directory / Spectacular tricks and their clues

Focus Description:

Is it possible to do paradox with two parts? It is doubtful that in this case it is possible by any method to obtain an internal hole in a square by imperceptibly increasing its height or width. However, it has been shown that the hole-in-a-square paradox can be built on the same principle as the vanishing warrior paradox.

In this case, instead of placing the figures in a spiral or step, they are placed strictly in a circle, while the cut is made spiral or stepped; in the latter case, it has the form of a gear wheel with teeth of various sizes. When this wheel is rotated, one figure disappears and a hole appears in its place. The fixed and rotating parts are neatly fitted to each other only in the position where the hole appears. In the initial position, small gaps are visible at each tooth if the incision was stepped, or one continuous circular gap with a spiral incision.

If the original rectangle is not a square, it can be cut into two parts, and then a hole can be obtained inside with very little noticeable change in its external dimensions. On fig. 1 shows one option.

Focus Squares in two parts
Ris.1

Both parts are identical both in shape and in size. The easiest way to demonstrate this paradox is as follows: cut out pieces of cardboard, fold them into a rectangle without a hole, put them on a piece of paper and trace around the perimeter with a pencil. Folding the parts in a different way now, you can see that they still do not go beyond the drawn line, although a hole has formed in the middle of the rectangle.

To our two parts we can, of course, add a third, made in the form of a strip, which, when applied to one of the sides of the rectangle, turns it into a square; thus we get another way of cutting a square into three parts, giving an inner hole.

Author: M.Gardner

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Sapper rats are better than metal detectors 28.09.2015

In Cambodia, where more than 1970 million anti-personnel mines were planted during the civil war in the 6s, unexpected helpers are used to detect mines. They turned out to be specially trained rats that work not only better than metal detectors, but also sapper dogs.

Gambian hamster rats not only sniff out mines faster, but also cover large areas at a much faster rate than larger sappers. Due to their weight, rats cannot be blown up by an anti-personnel mine, their sense of smell is much stronger than that of dogs, and they work autonomously, without the handler that dogs need.

Rodent sappers are trained by the non-profit organization "Apopo", which was founded in 1998 by the creator of the project, Bart Vidzhens, an engineer from Antwerp. Rats are trained from birth to sniff out TNT, after which they must explore the training minefield and correctly mark the place where they found the mine, after which the rodents receive a reward. After nine months of training, the rats are ready to start the real demining.

On the spot, the rats are put on a collar and led around the field with a long pole. Having found a mine, the rodent does not try to dig it out, but only mark it so that specially trained people will take care of the projectile. Rats are incredibly efficient, covering a 200-square-meter area in thirty minutes, while it takes at least three days for human sappers.

After five years of work, the sapper rodents retire and live out the rest of their lives at the Apopo headquarters in Tanzania, where they are cared for and fed.

In total, Gambian rats have found 56 mines and unexploded ordnance since the organization's inception and cleared an area of about 000 million square meters.

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