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Three layers of liquid. Focus Secret

Spectacular tricks and their clues

Directory / Spectacular tricks and their clues

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Focus Description:

Pour juice into the bottom of the dish, carefully add sunflower oil along the walls. Having tinted alcohol, just carefully pour it onto the oil. Liquid layers are distributed over each other.

Focus Three layers of liquid

Props:

Juice, vegetable oil, alcohol, transparent tall dishes.

Focus secret:

These liquids have different densities: a less dense substance is distributed over a denser one. To make the experience more interesting, you can tint the liquids.

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Random news from the Archive

Mars was twice covered by oceans 19.02.2012

Before Mars dried up catastrophically, its surface was at least twice covered by oceans - 3 and 4 billion years ago. This is evidenced by the data of the MARSIS radar, installed on the European orbital probe Mars Express and conducting observations since 2005.

A group of astrophysicists led by Jeremy Mouginot from the Institute of Planetology and Astrophysics in Grenoble came to this conclusion after analyzing data collected by the radar over the past two-plus years. Beneath the surface of the northern plains of Mars, they found deep layers of low-density material. "We interpret this as the presence of sedimentary rocks, possibly rich in ice," says Mougino. "This is a strong new indication that there was once an ocean here."

Scientists have been talking about the ancient Martian ocean for a long time - in photographs taken by various orbiting probes, features of landscapes resembling coastlines were discovered. However, the conclusions were too preliminary and controversial. MARSIS allows you to look at a depth of 60-80 meters under the surface of the planet, and throughout this thickness, the researchers saw evidence of the presence of sedimentary rocks and ice.

Scientists believe that there were two oceans - one existed 4 billion years ago, then it dried up and was reborn after another billion years - perhaps due to a sharp increase in geothermal activity, which heated the sedimentary layers and melted the ice that was there. The second time, the ocean did not last very long. After one or two million years, it disappeared again, either freezing again and returning to the ground, or gradually evaporating into the atmosphere. It is unlikely that this second ocean could give rise to life in such a short time - its traces, scientists believe, should be sought in the sediments of the first ocean, which covered the Martian surface for much longer.

Olivier Vitasse from the European Space Agency, who heads the science program for the Mars Express project, highly appreciates the study. "Until now, all our conclusions about water were based on photographs, mineralogical data and atmospheric measurements," he says. "Now we have received strong confirmation from subsurface radar: But so far the main question remains unanswered:" Where did the water go? ".

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