A chain you don't know about. Fun physical experience at home

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A chain you don't know about. Physical experiments

Entertaining experiments in physics

Entertaining experiences at home / Physics experiments for children

In the refrigerator, even in the strongest heat, frost is silver and food does not spoil. But how did these products manage to get fresh to your refrigerator? Why didn’t they go rotten, sour, rancid on the way? But the path was not close. Meat could come from Kazakhstan, oil - from Ukraine, frozen green peas - from Moldova, cod fillet - from Murmansk, saffron cod - from the Pacific Ocean!

Throughout the country, and even beyond its borders, a huge chain stretched. A chain you probably don't know anything about. And it is called "a single cold chain".

The first link is a preparatory refrigerator. Such refrigerators are found in slaughterhouses and oil mills, in rural areas where a rich harvest of fruits and vegetables is harvested, in ports where fishing vessels unload their prey.

Products are transported from the storage refrigerator in refrigerated wagons or on refrigerated ships. This is the second link in the chain. And it's as cold as the first one.

The third link is a distribution refrigerator. In its huge halls, boxes of frozen fish, canned saury, crabs, sardines, and freshly frozen vegetables and fruits are piled up. Barrels with butter are stacked in pyramids, sausages, hams, meat carcasses hang in clusters. All this wealth is measured not in kilograms, not even in centners. A large refrigerator holds tens of thousands of tons!

From here, products are distributed to shops and canteens. They are transported in refrigerated trucks. The bulky, tightly closed bodies of these machines are lined with sheets of aluminum that sparkle like ice. These cars are already the fourth link in the cold chain. Of these, products fall into the fifth link: in refrigerated cabinets of canteens and refrigerators and refrigerated store counters. In the dining room, the cold chain ends here. But the products brought to the store will fall into another link, the sixth in a row. This is your home refrigerator. The last link in a chain stretching for thousands of kilometers!

Where does the cold in all the refrigerators of this huge chain come from? In some places, a mixture of broken ice and salt is used. You already know about it from our experience. But much more often they use refrigeration units like the one hidden in your refrigerator. Their work is more like an "experiment" with inoculations, or rather with the evaporation of ether on the skin. There is also a volatile liquid in the refrigerator, but not ether, but the so-called freon. It evaporates violently in the tubes surrounding the freezer, it takes away heat, and the freezer becomes covered with frost. And the freon vapor is sucked off by a compressor hidden in the lower part of the cabinet. He is not seen, but only heard. This compressor rumbles quietly inside the refrigerator!

The compressor compresses the freon vapors and pushes them into the tubes already laid outside, in the back of the cabinet. Here, freon turns back into a liquid and releases heat. The refrigerator only cools inside the cabinet. It's warm outside! And in order for the refrigerator to work well, it must be allowed to cool freely. It must not be placed close to the wall, it must not be closed from above the holes in the back through which heated air rises.

Liquid freon from the tubes is again fed into the cabinet. And so it can circulate in the refrigerator for years, cooling it inside and heating it outside! Large refrigerators sometimes use other liquids, such as ammonia. But their device is about the same.

Artificial cold doesn't just feed the cold chain, it doesn't just make ice cream. Do you want to go ice skating in summer? Please! Let's freeze the ice rink now. Are you hot, stuffy on a hot summer day? Let's cool the air in the room. Do you need to lay a mine or a tunnel in quicksand, like jelly, wet clay? Freeze this jelly.

Do you need cold in a factory that makes paints, artificial rubber, explosives, paraffin, the best grades of steel? Please. Do you need cold in a scientific institute where materials for rockets and space suits for astronauts are tested? In a special chamber they create the cold of outer space! Wild, untamed cold is the enemy of man. They protect themselves from it with warm clothes, heating, thick walls of houses.

Artificial cold has become a reliable assistant in work, science, and everyday life. Technology has come a long way since slave with fan!

Author: Galpershtein L.Ya.

We recommend interesting experiments in physics:

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Zoologists have long noticed that bears often peel the bark from trees and lick a thin layer of cambium from under it - this is the name of the educational tissue up to 1 centimeter thick, from which all other tree cells develop.

Some scientists believe that such unusual behavior of predators helps them get additional food, but according to Russian researchers, this hypothesis is incorrect. The nutritional value of cambium, according to them, is many times less than the energy costs for its extraction.

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