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Improving the quality of Martian soil

10.10.2021

University of Colorado (USA) found a way to enrich the Martian soil for subsequent agricultural work on it.

They found that the scarcity of the soil of the red planet is due to the low content of nitrogen in it. To solve this problem, they conducted a series of experiments, studying how the Martian soil reacts to the addition of nutrients to it.

"In pots with imitation of Martian soil, the researchers planted clover, and some of them added the bacterium Sinorhizobium meliloti. In the company of symbiotic microbes, plants developed better: the root system and shoots increased by 75% compared to samples that grew in soil without bacteria," - the article says.

Scientists have concluded that microbes could be an important ingredient in the success of Martian farmers in the future.

"The study showed that Sinorhizobium meliloti significantly increased the growth of clover Melilotus officinalis under greenhouse conditions," the authors noted. "This work gives us a better understanding of how plant-microorganism interactions help in terraforming the Martian soil."

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Fast walking can help you live longer 10.06.2018

A study from the University of Sydney found that walking at an average pace reduced the risk of all-cause mortality by 20 percent compared to walking at a slow pace. If you walk at a fast pace, you reduce your risk by 24 percent. Separately, the risk for mortality from cardiovascular disease was calculated. At the same time, walking at an average pace reduced the risk by 24 percent, and at a fast pace - by 21 percent.

The effect of walking was found to be most pronounced in older age groups. People aged 60 and older could reduce their risk of dying from cardiovascular disease by 46 percent by walking at a moderate pace and by 53 percent by walking at a fast pace.

"A fast pace is usually between five and seven kilometers per hour, but this depends on the physical condition of the person; an alternative indicator is to walk at a pace that makes you slightly out of breath or sweat in order to maintain it," explained Professor Emmanuel Stamatakis from the Center Charles Perkins University of Sydney and School of Public Health, lead author of the study.

Prior to this, the relationship between stride rate and mortality risk had not been separately studied. "Walking pace is associated with the risk of all-cause mortality, but its specific role, independent of the overall physical activity that a person engages in, has received little attention so far," said Professor Stamatakis. “It is difficult to analyze the impact of one particular aspect of physical activity and discover its potential causal relationships with the risk of premature death,” the professor explained.

The latest study drew on data from 11 population surveys in England and Scotland between 1994 and 2008, in which participants self-reported their step pace. The research team then adjusted for factors such as the total amount and intensity of all physical activity, age, gender, and body mass index. Walking pace was found to be associated with a reduced risk of mortality. At the same time, gender and body mass index did not affect the results.

Scientists recommend walking at a fast and moderate pace, and promoting this idea through public health campaigns, given that the brisk walk is a very simple heart training option that most people can easily incorporate into their lives.

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