Both low-power and miniature soldering iron. Scheme, description

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ENCYCLOPEDIA OF RADIO ELECTRONICS AND ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
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Both low-power and miniature soldering iron. Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering

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Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering / Ham Radio Technologies

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The article describes two miniature soldering irons, the most affordable in manufacturing and satisfying the requirements for the installation of miniature electronic products.

The first design, shown in Figure 1, is designed for mounting transistors and microcircuits on printed circuit boards. The power of the soldering iron is about 7 watts. Supply voltage 6,3 V.

Rice. 1 (click to enlarge): 1 - washer 2 - sleeve; 3 - base: 4 - cap; 5 - fiberglass; 6 - tube; 7 - sting; 8 stopper; 9 - asbestos thread; 10 - heating coil; 11 - handle.

The design of the soldering iron is traditional. A copper tube is attached to the handle, made of insulating material, into which the sting is pressed. 2-3 layers of fiberglass are wound on a copper tube, along which a heating coil is wound. Outside, the spiral is insulated with asbestos thread. The entire heating element is covered with a metal cap from a multi-ballpoint pen. The soldering iron is assembled in the following sequence. The tube is heated with a powerful soldering iron and pressed onto the shank of the steel base.

For greater reliability, drill a hole with a diameter of 0,8-1 mm at the attachment point on the tube and rivet a piece of steel wire or a nail in it. Two layers of fiberglass 40 mm wide and a nichrome spiral are wound around the tube. The spiral is a nichrome wire with a diameter of 0,35 mm (electric iron spiral) with a total resistance of 5-5,6 ohms. The beginning and end of the winding are twisted with intermediate lengths of 100 mm of copper wire with a diameter of 0,6 mm. The beginning of the winding is fixed on the tube as close as possible to the tip and the nichrome wire is wound in increments of 0,3 mm. Then a thin asbestos cord is wound around the heater.

A washer is screwed to the handle and a power cord twisted from three insulated flexible conductors is passed through the hole in the handle and washer. They are passed through three holes in the base and screwed to the washer by installing three bushings. The insulation at the point of passage through the holes in the base should be additionally reinforced with two or three layers of fiberglass. One of the wires is connected to the shank of the base using a bandage of bare copper wire, this conductor serves to ground the soldering tip during operation. The remaining two are designed to connect the heater to a power source. A protective cover is put on the heater and fixed with a stopper made of spring wire.

The transformer for powering the soldering iron must have good winding insulation. The current of the secondary winding is about 1A.

A feature of the second design (Fig. 2) is the device of the heater, it is made of graphite and is screwed directly onto the soldering iron tip. The design of the soldering iron is very simple. The sting is made from a copper bar with a diameter of 5 mm and an M5 thread is cut on it. A nut is screwed onto the thread until it stops and a metal washer is put on (Fig. 4). Then put on a mica gasket with a thickness of about 0,5 mm and carefully screw on the heater.

Both low-power and miniature soldering iron
Rice. 2: 1 - handle; 2 - bracket; 3 - sting, 4 - mica gasket; 5 - heater in the assembly; 6 - petal; 7 - mica gasket; 8 - tube; 9 - graphite rod.

The heater is made as follows. A graphite cylinder is tightly inserted into a piece of copper tube and ground flush with the edges. Graphite can be used from galvanic cells or motor commutator brushes. A hole with a diameter of 4 mm is drilled along the axis of the cylinder and an M5 thread is carefully cut. When screwing onto the tip, the thread undergoes significant wear, so it is necessary that the thread on the tip is clean enough and its length is minimal. The heater is screwed all the way into the mica gasket. Then a washer-petal is put on the sting so that the copper tube of the heater enters the recess of the petal, and the second mica gasket is put on, the second metal washer and the whole package is tightened with an M5 nut. A sting with a heater is attached to the bracket with the same nut. A 3,5 mm thick steel bracket is attached to the handle of the soldering iron with screws and serves as the conductor of the heater. The second conductor is screwed to the washer-petal.

The operating voltage of the soldering iron is about 1 V, the current is approximately 15 A. The soldering iron is powered from the mains through a step-down transformer. Due to the fact that the heater current is significant, the supply flexible conductors must have a cross section of at least 3x3 mm. The heating time of the tip to the operating temperature does not exceed 2 minutes. If you increase the heater current, you can reduce the heating time to a few seconds. The soldering iron is very durable, because its heater is heat resistant and practically isolated from atmospheric oxygen.

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