FLASH memory chip programmer. Scheme, description

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FLASH memory chip programmer. Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering

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Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering / Digital technology

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The method of programming FLASH memory chips described in [1] and [2] ("hot" replacement of the ROM chip that stores BIOS codes on the computer motherboard with the chip that needs to be programmed) has an obvious disadvantage - a high probability of damage as a programmable chip, and the microcircuit containing the BIOS, and even the motherboard itself. I propose a modification of this method that does not require "hot" replacement of microcircuits.

Its essence lies in the fact that memory chips allow parallel connection of all outputs, except for the CE # input (Chip Enable). With a high level at this input, the output circuits of the microcircuit switch to a high-impedance state, and it does not respond to input signals. By connecting two microcircuits in this way, it is possible to ensure the start of the motherboard with the "native" BIOS, and then switch to a programmable microcircuit by simply switching the CE # inputs. Using the BIOS modification utilities, any information of the appropriate amount can be written to the target chip.

FLASH memory chip programmer
Fig. 1

The diagram of the device is shown in the figure. The XP1 plug is inserted into the board for the microcircuit with the BIOS of the motherboard, and the microcircuit itself is transferred to the XS2 panel. Panel XS1 is designed for the chip to be programmed.

During the start of the motherboard, jumper S3 should be in position 1 shown in the diagram, allowing the BIOS code to be read from the chip located in the XS2 panel. Upon completion of the starting operations, the jumper S3 is transferred to position 2, providing the ability to select a programmable microcircuit located in the XS1 panel.

Jumper S2 is designed to supply programming voltage of 5 or 12 V to pin 1 (Vpp) of the programmable chip. Jumper S1 switches its output 30. For two-megabit microcircuits, this is the address input A17, and jumper S1 must be set to position 1. A voltage of 30 V must be applied to the output of 28 microcircuits of the 12Fxxx series from Intel (S1 in position 3), and other one-megabit EPROM microcircuits - 5 V (S1 in position 2).

Capacitors C1-C5 blocking. Through resistors R1 and R2, the outputs of 1 microcircuits, disconnected by jumper S22, are supplied with a high logic level voltage, keeping these microcircuits in a passive state.

It is better to use the simplest and cheapest motherboard, which is to serve as a programmer, preferably with an integrated video card (nothing needs to be inserted into the expansion slots). The chip with BIOS codes must be in a DIP-32 package and installed in the panel. The author used the ElitGroup P6STP-FL motherboard.

The XP1 plug is made from a conventional chip board with connecting wires soldered into its sockets, and the pins plugged into the board sockets on the motherboard. If this board is not intended to be used for its intended purpose, the XP1 plug can be dispensed with by simply soldering the wires to the corresponding panel pins on the motherboard.

PanelX81 is better to use the ZIF type - with zero effort for installing the microcircuit. However, given the high cost of such a panel, you can get by with the usual one. In order to avoid rapid wear of its contacts, it is advisable to insert another of the same panel into it, and already into this panel - a programmable microcircuit. If necessary, it is much easier to replace the intermediate panel than the main one, to the conclusions of which the wires are soldered.

To program microcircuits in the PLCC-32 package, you can add another panel of the appropriate type by connecting its contacts in parallel with the contacts of the XS1 panel or by making a DIP-32-PLCC-32 adapter. This will make it possible to program microcircuits of the 28xxxx, 29xxxx, ZExxxx and some of the 49xxx series chips that have a PLCC-32 package and a 5 V supply voltage.

Before manufacturing and using this device, it is recommended to read the article [2], where there are answers to many questions that arise during programming.

Literature:

Ryumik S. How to program FLASH ROM. - Radio, 2005, No. 7, p. 32.
Sevko R. The Art of BIOS Flashing. - http://nowa.cc/showthread. php?t=81677.

Author: E. Mamedov, Baku, Azerbaijan; Publication: radioradar.net

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